The dentition differs from both these species in the presence of a mesial groove on the upper canines. Since then, according to the Community Museums of Kenya chairman Eustace Kitonga, the fossils are stored at a secret bank vault in Nairobi. Senut, Brigitte; Martin Pickford; Dominique Gommery; Pierre Mein; Kiptalam Cheboi; Yves Coppens (2001). [4], The 20 specimens found as of 2007 include: the posterior part of a mandible in two pieces; a symphysis and several isolated teeth; three fragments of femora; a partial humerus; a proximal phalanx; and a distal thumb phalanx. An isolated lower molar (KNM LU 335), that may belong to this species, was discovered in this area in 1974. The holotype specimens are 2 mandible fragments, BAR1000a’00 and BAR1000b’00. Other experts think this species may have lived before the ape and human line split so could be an ancestor of both lines or that it was a basal member of the hominin clade. Individuals of this species were approximately the size of a chimpanzee and had small teeth with thick enamel, similar to modern humans. Science 319, 1662-1665.

This opinion changed when new evidence showed this species had many features intermediate between apes and humans. The Australian Museum respects and acknowledges the Gadigal people of the Eora Nation as the First Peoples and Traditional Custodians of the land and waterways on which the Museum stands. [8] This would mean that Australopithecus would represent a side branch in the homin evolution that does not directly lead to Homo. [8] However the femora morphology of O. tugenensis shares many similarities with Australopithicine femora morphology, which weakens this claim. The femur was different from that of modern humans, fossil Homo and living apes and most closely resembled australopithecines that lived three to four million years ago. Its discoverers believe this species belongs on the human family tree. A research team led by French paleontologist Brigitte Senut and French geologist Martin Pickford discovered this species in the Tugen Hills region of central Kenya.

[7] The current prevailing theory is that Orrorin tugenensis is a basal hominin and that bipedalism developed early in the hominin clade and successfully evolved down the human evolutionary tree. It is not confirmed how Orrorin is related to modern humans. Archaeological evidence shows that modern humans had reached Southeast Asia by 70,000 years ago, however the oldest securely dated modern human remains are only about 40,000 years old. Pickford, M. and Senut, B.

Richmond, B.G., Jungers, W.L., 2008. [9] These features are shared with many species of Australopithecus. Orrorin tugenensis is thus far represented by only a few fragments of bone — some isolated teeth, parts of two lower jaws, and fragments of arm and leg bones, representing in all perhaps five individuals (see above).

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