We have used Arcane ashes to help us create our Divination Sigil but we can also use these ashes to make arrays. Bulk raw rice density is about 0.9 g/cm³. Again, much threshing is still carried out by hand but there is an increasing use of mechanical threshers. When a rice variety is no longer able to resist pest infestations, resistance is said to have broken down. These are buffs that work when you walk into (or for some, near) them. Although its parent species are native to Asia and certain parts of Africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide. [14] It also depends on nutrient quality of the soil rice is grown in, whether and how the rice is polished or processed, the manner it is enriched, and how it is prepared before consumption. Kaveri is also referred to as ponni in the South and the name reflects the geographic region where it is grown. Dewi Sri is the traditional rice goddess of the Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese people in Indonesia. 283–309. 358–71. Staple grain of Oryza and Zizania species, Not to be confused with "gold" varieties of, World's most productive rice farms and farmers. Electric rice cookers, popular in Asia and Latin America, simplify the process of cooking rice. The largest collection of rice cultivars is at the International Rice Research Institute[117] in the Philippines, with over 100,000 rice accessions[118] held in the International Rice Genebank. Beirut (/ b eɪ ˈ r uː t / bay-ROOT; Arabic: بيروت ‎, romanized: BayrÅ«t) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.As of 2014, Greater Beirut has a population of 2.2 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. Raw, wild, or brown rice may also be consumed by raw-foodist or fruitarians if soaked and sprouted (usually a week to 30 days – gaba rice). Rice may be made into congee (also called rice porridge or rice gruel) by adding more water than usual, so that the cooked rice is saturated with water, usually to the point that it disintegrates. It has long, slender leaves 50–100 cm (20–40 in) long and .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}2–2.5 cm (3⁄4–1 in) broad. Japanese mochi rice and Chinese sticky rice are short-grain. A World Bank – FAO study claims 8% to 26% of rice is lost in developing nations, on average, every year, because of post-harvest problems and poor infrastructure. It won the British Book Awards Literary Fiction award and the Richard & Judy "Book of the Year" award. When the problem of soil salinity arises it will be opportune to select salt tolerant varieties (IRRI[151] or to resort to soil salinity control. Utilization of Wild Species of Genus Oryza in Rice Improvement. [144], The International Rice Research Institute conducts research into developing drought-tolerant rice varieties, including the varieties 5411 and Sookha dhan, currently being employed by farmers in the Philippines and Nepal respectively. This process takes advantage of the grains' water content and typically involves heating grains in a special chamber. Rice flour and starch often are used in batters and breadings to increase crispiness. It is common for one variety of rice to rise in price while another one drops in price. White rice may also be enriched by adding nutrients, especially those lost during the milling process. [88][89][Liu 4], Crop protection scientists are trying to develop rice pest management techniques which are sustainable. Three main types of plant resistance to pests are recognized as nonpreference, antibiosis, and tolerance. It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million metric tons (817.4 million short tons) in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion metric tons (2.1 billion short tons)) and maize (1.0 billion metric tons (1.1 billion short tons)). ", International Center for Tropical Agriculture, United States Patent and Trademark Office, "Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists), Rice (paddy), 2018", "Marketing of Value-Added Rice Products in Japan: Germinated Grown Rice and Rice Bread", "Arsenic in your food: Our findings show a real need for federal standards for this toxin", Consumer Reports Magazine November 2012 – Arsenic in your Food, "Food Safety: U.S. Rice Serves Up Arsenic", "Can reheating rice cause food poisoning? Rapid-boil preparation is not desirable with enriched rice, as much of the enrichment additives are lost when the water is discarded. Climate Change 2013: The physical Science Basis, "Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing", Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing, "Methane emission from rice fields: Wetland rice fields may make a major contribution to global warming", IPCC. Developing sustainable pest management for rice in Cambodia. In Cambodia, for example, 90% of the total agricultural area is used for rice production. Rice is also a wage commodity for workers in the cash crop or non-agricultural sectors. [90] Sustainable pest management is based on four principles: biodiversity, host plant resistance (HPR),[91] landscape ecology, and hierarchies in a landscape—from biological to social. [104], Botanicals, so-called "natural pesticides", are used by some farmers in an attempt to control rice pests. Botanicals include extracts of leaves, or a mulch of the leaves themselves. China, an exporter of rice in early 2000s, was a net importer of rice in 2010 and will become the largest net importer, surpassing Nigeria, in 2013. [26], Rice starch is used as a cosmetic dusting powder and to stiffen laundry (starching). For example, rice gall midge and army worm outbreaks tend to follow periods of high rainfall early in the wet season, while thrips outbreaks are associated with drought.[76]. Major importers usually include Nigeria, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Malaysia, the Philippines, Brazil and some African and Persian Gulf countries. [72] Rice production uses almost a third of Earth's fresh water. The seeds of the rice plant are first milled using a rice huller to remove the chaff (the outer husks of the grain) (see: rice hulls). Scientists have identified and cloned many genes involved in the gibberellin signaling pathway, including GAI1 (Gibberellin Insensitive) and SLR1 (Slender Rice). •\:`ÂB*P–  0\”!×ÃÀ(cAÄ:Àªlà(eÀ `Ð@(aDVŽÄր«fŒ€‹ Rice is a good source of protein and a staple food in many parts of the world, but it is not a complete protein: it does not contain all of the essential amino acids in sufficient amounts for good health, and should be combined with other sources of protein, such as nuts, seeds, beans, fish, or meat.[45]. Producing rice in paddies is harmful for the environment due to the release of methane by methanogenic bacteria. An electronic book, also known as an e-book or eBook, is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices. Although China and India are the two largest producers of rice in the world, both countries consume the majority of the rice produced domestically, leaving little to be traded internationally. Rice is parasitized by the weed eudicot Striga hermonthica,[112] which is of local importance for this crop. Brown rice may be soaked in warm water for 20 hours to stimulate germination. World trade figures are very different from those for production, as less than 8% of rice produced is traded internationally. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Jahn, GC, C Pol, B Khiev, S Pheng, and N Chhorn. The Japanese table rice is a sticky, short-grain rice. Because of the importance of rice to human nutrition and food security in Asia, the domestic rice markets tend to be subject to considerable state involvement. Many rice grain producing countries have significant losses post-harvest at the farm and because of poor roads, inadequate storage technologies, inefficient supply chains and farmer's inability to bring the produce into retail markets dominated by small shopkeepers. Word Smart Vocabulary.pdf This project enabled labor markets in Asia to shift away from agriculture, and into industrial sectors. Chinese restaurants often serve long-grain as plain unseasoned steamed rice though short-grain rice is common as well. H raw sorghum It depends on the strain of rice, such as white, brown, red, and black (or purple) varieties having different prevalence across world regions. Although there was no shortage of rice on world markets this general upward trend in grain prices led to panic buying by consumers, government rice export bans (in particular, by Vietnam and India) and inflated import orders by the Philippines marketing board, the National Food Authority. White rice, which keeps longer, lacks some important nutrients; moreover, in a limited diet which does not supplement the rice, brown rice helps to prevent the disease beriberi. Golden rice has met significant opposition from environmental and anti-globalization activists. BULOG and NFA monopolise rice imports into their countries while VINAFOOD controls all exports from Vietnam.[46]. The high-yielding varieties are a group of crops created intentionally during the Green Revolution to increase global food production. However, rice can be grown practically anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems. [14] The guideline established a major recommendation: "Fortification of rice with iron is recommended as a public health strategy to improve the iron status of populations, in settings where rice is a staple food. Download Full PDF Package. This yields a fluffier rice, whereas not rinsing yields a stickier and creamier result. On line collection of salt tolerance data of agricultural crops obtained from measurements in farmers' fields, Abstract, "Rice feeds more than half the world's population. Such supplements may also help reverse anemia.[138]. Rice is cooked by boiling or steaming, and absorbs water during cooking. Rice was the first crop with a complete genome sequence.[120]. It is also used as a pickling bed in making rice bran pickles and takuan. So far, 28 meiotic genes of rice have been characterized. Some nematode species such as Pratylenchus spp. [75] Weather conditions also contribute to pest outbreaks. A good mill can achieve a paddy-to-rice conversion rate of up to 72% but smaller, inefficient mills often struggle to achieve 60%. [123][124] It is intended to produce a fortified food to be grown and consumed in areas with a shortage of dietary vitamin A, a deficiency which each year is estimated to kill 670,000 children under the age of 5[125] and cause an additional 500,000 cases of irreversible childhood blindness. The mechanism of this falling yield was not clear, but might involve increased respiration during warm nights, which expends energy without being able to photosynthesize. The rice is then dried, and can then be milled as usual or used as brown rice. [83] Rice weevils attack stored produce. [1] Other major producers were Indonesia, Bangladesh and Vietnam. Rice may be soaked for 30 minutes up to several hours. A familiar sight in several Asian countries is paddy laid out to dry along roads. In many cultures relatives will scatter rice during or towards the end of a wedding ceremony in front of the bride and groom. The now less common Oryza glaberrima rice was independently domesticated in Africa 3,000 to 3,500 years ago. [154] Studies of rice gene OsRAD51C showed that this gene is necessary for homologous recombinational repair of DNA, particularly the accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks during meiosis. As the UN Millennium Development project seeks to spread global economic development to Africa, the "Green Revolution" is cited as the model for economic development. Cambodia-IRRI-Australia Project (CIAP), Baseline Survey Report No. The history of rice cultivation is a long and complicated one. In Arab cuisine, rice is an ingredient of many soups and dishes with fish, poultry, and other types of meat. [143] In addition, in 2013 the Japanese National Institute for Agrobiological Sciences led a team which successfully inserted the DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) gene, from the Philippine upland rice variety Kinandang Patong, into the popular commercial rice variety IR64, giving rise to a far deeper root system in the resulting plants. In late April 2008, prices hit 24 US cents a pound, twice the price of seven months earlier. [14] A systematic review of clinical research on the efficacy of rice fortification showed the strategy had the main effect of reducing the risk of iron deficiency by 35% and increasing blood levels of hemoglobin. [10] Rice produced in the US is usually fortified with vitamins and minerals, and rinsing will result in a loss of nutrients. SRI is claimed to have set new national records in rice yields, within the last 10 years, in many countries. Rice is a major food staple and a mainstay for the rural population and their food security. The average world yield for rice was 4.3 metric tons per hectare (1.9 short tons per acre), in 2010. Researchers have recently reported in Nature that putting the barley gene SUSIBA2 into rice creates a shift in biomass production from root to shoot (above ground tissue becomes larger, while below ground tissue is reduced), decreasing the methanogen population, and resulting in a reduction of methane emissions of up to 97%. Rice bran, called nuka in Japan, is a valuable commodity in Asia and is used for many daily needs. [58] Over the period of 2007 to 2013, the Chinese government has substantially increased the price it pays domestic farmers for their rice, rising to US$500 per metric ton by 2013. A short summary of this paper. Medium-grain rice is used for sweet dishes, for risotto in Italy, and many rice dishes, such as arròs negre, in Spain. It is hoped that their cultivation will improve food security in West Africa. [129], Ventria Bioscience has genetically modified rice to express lactoferrin, lysozyme which are proteins usually found in breast milk, and human serum albumin, These proteins have antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. This is a list of countries and dependencies by population.It includes sovereign states, inhabited dependent territories and, in some cases, constituent countries of sovereign states, with inclusion within the list being primarily based on the ISO standard ISO 3166-1.For instance, the United Kingdom is considered as a single entity, while the constituent countries of the Kingdom … This practice probably helps the soil retain moisture and thereby facilitates seed germination. "[14], Rice grown experimentally under elevated carbon dioxide levels, similar to those predicted for the year 2100 as a result of human activity, had less iron, zinc, and protein, as well as lower levels of thiamin, riboflavin, folic acid, and pantothenic acid. Rice, a monocot, is normally grown as an annual plant, although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years. Either by hand or in a rice polisher, white rice may be buffed with glucose or talc powder (often called polished rice, though this term may also refer to white rice in general), parboiled, or processed into flour. Assimilates become redirected to grain production, amplifying in particular the effect of chemical fertilizers on commercial yield. I said to him, " rain is falling and you passed my gap," but when I looked outside to my surprise, it had stopped, so I made my way home in shock. [73], Rice pests are any organisms or microbes with the potential to reduce the yield or value of the rice crop (or of rice seeds). In 2011, this record was surpassed by an Indian farmer, Sumant Kumar, with 22.4 metric tons per hectare (10.0 short tons per acre) in Bihar. A Royal Ploughing Ceremony is held in certain Asian countries to mark the beginning of the rice planting season. Just five countries—Thailand, Vietnam, China, the United States and India—in decreasing order of exported quantities, accounted for about three-quarters of world rice exports in 2002. [137], Rice containing these added proteins can be used as a component in oral rehydration solutions which are used to treat diarrheal diseases, thereby shortening their duration and reducing recurrence. [16], A raw yellow dent corn — Pistis Sophia 1:43 An early, non-Gnostic tradition may lie behind this statement, which also emphasizes the primacy of the Gospel of Matthew in its Aramaic form, over the other canonical three. ¹Ã™‚ÆvG©éØÏYÄ&`%1ðóthU-r08Pæð–Êçˆôûò®8îteðå¾ÁP{wÃvÖm'¦7Õg`ñ]ÂvWè§Cª›Ã‹5)9%ìºÉZÇ܎‡ÌløÏ Äv5Ĩ®@'a¶¼¹ËÖ× ˆnÃÀQ´Hs10$섋z0pò†|Ä Az( [2] There are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. [5] A stickier short-grain rice is used for sushi;[6] the stickiness allows rice to hold its shape when cooked. [98] The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) demonstrated in 1993 that an 87.5% reduction in pesticide use can lead to an overall drop in pest numbers. [113], Rice cultivars also fall into groups according to environmental conditions, season of planting, and season of harvest, called ecotypes. As the car approached my gap, I reminded the driver to drop me off, but he flew past my street, which made me upset. It decreases to less than one-tenth that when puffed. The name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera Zizania and Porteresia, both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of Oryza. C raw hard red winter wheat [147][148], Progress has been made, however, in developing rice varieties capable of tolerating such conditions; the hybrid created from the cross between the commercial rice variety IR56 and the wild rice species Oryza coarctata is one example. [22] Jasmine rice from Thailand and Basmati rice from Pakistan and India contain the least arsenic among rice varieties in one study. Plymouth; Nanda, J.S., Sharma, S.D., Eds. "International trade in rice: recent developments and prospects.". [105], Among rice cultivars, there are differences in the responses to, and recovery from, pest damage. Mutants of popular rice varieties are regularly screened by plant breeders to discover new sources of durable resistance.[109][111]. Mills range from simple hullers, with a throughput of a couple of tonnes a day, that simply remove the outer husk, to enormous operations that can process 4 thousand metric tons (4.4 thousand short tons) a day and produce highly polished rice. Cooked short-grain white rice provides the same food energy and contains moderate amounts of B vitamins, iron, and manganese (10–17% DV) per 100-gram serving (table). [47] The 2013 price of rice originating from other southeast Asian countries was a comparably low US$350 per metric ton.[47]. Harvesting can be carried out by the farmers themselves, but is also frequently done by seasonal labor groups. High-yield cultivars of rice suitable for cultivation in Africa and other dry ecosystems, called the new rice for Africa (NERICA) cultivars, have been developed. 243–58, In S. Suthipradit, C. Kuntha, S. Lorlowhakarn, and J. Rakngan [eds.] In some regions, such as Tabaristan, bread is made using rice flour. Rinsing rice before cooking removes much of the starch, thereby reducing the extent to which individual grains will stick together. Rice porridge is commonly eaten as a breakfast food, and is a traditional food for the sick. The year it was published, it was short-listed for the Booker Prize, Nebula Award for Best Novel, and Arthur C. Clarke Award, among other accolades.Unusually, it received awards from both the … [158], The pounded rice ritual is conducted during weddings in Nepal. [163] The same female rice deity is known as Po Ino Nogar in Cambodia and as Nang Khosop in Laos. The claimed Chinese and Indian yields have yet to be demonstrated on seven-hectare (17+1⁄4 acres) lots and to be reproducible over two consecutive years on the same farm. [15], A 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) guideline showed that fortification of rice to reduce malnutrition may involve different micronutrient strategies, including iron only, iron with zinc, vitamin A, and folic acid, or iron with other B-complex vitamins, such as thiamin, niacin, vitamin B6, and pantothenic acid. Cloud Atlas is the third novel by British author David Mitchell.It was published in 2004. [37] Other wild rices have also been cultivated in different geographies, such as in the Americas. [122] Disruption of gibberellin signaling can lead to significantly reduced stem growth leading to a dwarf phenotype. [152][153], Rice is used as a model organism for investigating the molecular mechanisms of meiosis and DNA repair in higher plants. coarctata. 1996. 10 Full PDFs related to this paper. [155] Rice gene OsDMC1 was found to be essential for pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis,[156] and rice gene OsMRE11 was found to be required for both synapsis of homologous chromosomes and repair of double-strand breaks during meiosis. E-books can be read on dedicated e-reader … [47] In economic terms, the global rice trade was a small fraction of 1% of world mercantile trade. Cooked unenriched long-grain white rice is composed of 68% water, 28% carbohydrates, 3% protein, and negligible fat (table). The grains become less brittle, and the color of the milled grain changes from white to yellow. Rice requires slightly more water to produce than other grains. Boiled rice may be further fried in cooking oil or butter (known as fried rice), or beaten in a tub to make mochi. Apart from this environmental benefit, the modification also increases the amount of rice grains by 43%, which makes it a useful tool in feeding a growing world population. Biotic factors deal with weeds, insects, diseases, and crop varieties. Page 1 Sage Advice Compendium When storing cooked rice for use the next day, rapid cooling is advised to reduce the risk of toxin production. Iwill!waitfor!her!in!the!yard!thatMaggie!and!Imade!so!clean!and!wavy!yesterday!afternoon.!A!yard!like!this! Meiosis is a key stage of the sexual cycle in which diploid cells in the ovule (female structure) and the anther (male structure) produce haploid cells that develop further into gametophytes and gametes. [12] With the rapid-boil method, rice may be cooked in a large quantity of water which is drained before serving. F raw green soybeans Indian rice cultivars include long-grained and aromatic Basmati (ਬਾਸਮਤੀ) (grown in the North), long and medium-grained Patna rice, and in South India (Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka) short-grained Sona Masuri (also called as Bangaru theegalu). Some major groups are the Japan-type (grown in Japan), "buly" and "tjereh" types (Indonesia); sali (or aman—main winter crop), ahu (also aush or ghariya, summer), and boro (spring) (Bengal and Assam). This rice has a characteristic fragrance of Mango blossom. In 2017, world production of paddy rice was 769.7 million metric tons (848.4 million short tons)s,[39] led by China and India with a combined 49% of this total. [142][143] Under drought conditions, without sufficient water to afford them the ability to obtain the required levels of nutrients from the soil, conventional commercial rice varieties can be severely affected—for example, yield losses as high as 40% have affected some parts of India, with resulting losses of around US$800 million annually. [110], Over time, the use of pest-resistant rice varieties selects for pests that are able to overcome these mechanisms of resistance. pp. [119] Rice cultivars are often classified by their grain shapes and texture. [47][50] According to a USDA report, the world's largest exporters of rice in 2012 were India (9.75 million metric tons (10.75 million short tons)), Vietnam (7 million metric tons (7.7 million short tons)), Thailand (6.5 million metric tons (7.2 million short tons)), Pakistan (3.75 million metric tons (4.13 million short tons)) and the United States (3.5 million metric tons (3.9 million short tons)).[51]. [44] Rice can be made into various types of noodles. 2001. Z raw plantains [74] Rice pests include weeds, pathogens, insects, nematode, rodents, and birds. "Sustainable Agriculture: Possibility and Direction" Bangkok (Thailand): National Science and Technology Development Agency. The different varieties of rice are not considered interchangeable, either in food preparation or agriculture, so as a result, each major variety is a completely separate market from other varieties. [52] Parboiled rice is particularly popular in Nigeria. [citation needed] A study in the Philippines is aimed to evaluate the performance of golden rice, whether it can be planted, grown and harvested like other rice varieties, and whether golden rice poses risk to human health. READ PAPER. Rice is the staple food of over half the world's population. Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or less commonly Oryza glaberrima (African rice). The five major producers accounted for 72% of total production, while the top fifteen producers accounted for 91% of total world production in 2017 (see table on right). In Monograph on Genus Oryza. The Catholic Church in the United States is composed of ecclesiastical communities in full communion with the Holy See.With 23% of the United States population as of 2018, the Catholic Church is the country's second largest religious grouping, after Protestantism, and the country's largest single church or religious denomination when Protestantism is divided into separate … [109] Nonpreference (or antixenosis) describes host plants which insects prefer to avoid; antibiosis is where insect survival is reduced after the ingestion of host tissue; and tolerance is the capacity of a plant to produce high yield or retain high quality despite insect infestation. are most dangerous in upland rice of all parts of the world. Farmers also claim the leaves are a natural fertilizer and helps suppress weed and insect infestations. [159], In the Philippines rice wine, popularly known as tapuy, is used for important occasions such as weddings, rice harvesting ceremonies and other celebrations.[160]. [147] Extensive trials are planned prior to the new variety being available to farmers by approximately 2017–18.[147]. However, in most countries the bulk of drying of marketed paddy takes place in mills, with village-level drying being used for paddy to be consumed by farm families. Smith)", "Response of two rice cultivars to the competition of Echinochloa crus-gali (L.) P. Beauv", "The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea", Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, "A Food-Web Approach to Evaluating the Effect of Insecticide Spraying on Insect Pest Population-Dynamics in a Philippine Irrigated Rice Ecosystem", "The broad-leaf herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid turns rice into a living trap for a major insect pest and a parasitic wasp", "Possible connection between imidacloprid-induced changes in rice gene transcription profiles and susceptibility to the brown plant hopper Nilaparvata lugens StÃ¥l (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)", "Effects of simulated pest damage on rice yields", "Proteome Analysis of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Mutants Reveals Differentially Induced Proteins during Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) Infestation", 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[575:CAIORT]2.0.CO;2, "Origin and geographical distribution of Japanese rice", The International Rice Genebank – conserving rice, "From disagreements to dialogue: unpacking the Golden Rice debate", "Vitamin A deficiency and attributable mortality in under-5-year-olds", "Genetic Stability Developed for β-Carotene Synthesis in BR29 Rice Line Using Dihaploid Homozygosity", PhilRice Two seasons of Golden Rice trials in Phl concluded, "Genetically modified Golden Rice falls short on lifesaving promises | The Source | Washington University in St. Louis", Golden Rice is an effective source of vitamin A, Genetically modified rice a good vitamin A source, "Patents for Humanity Awards Ceremony at the White House", "US FDA approves GMO Golden Rice as safe to eat | Genetic Literacy Project", Swarna Sub1: flood resistant rice variety, Drought, submergence and salinity management, Newly-discovered rice gene goes to the root of drought resistance, Roots breakthrough for drought resistant rice, Wild parent spawns super salt tolerant rice, Breakthrough in salt-resistant rice research—single baby rice plant may hold the future to extending rice farming, "Feeding the World One Genetically Modified Tomato at a Time: A Scientific Perspective", "Ten years of gene discovery for meiotic event control in rice", "OsRAD51C is essential for double-strand break repair in rice meiosis", "(Indonesian) Mitos Nyi Pohaci/Sanghyang Asri/Dewi Sri", "On the Role of Food Habits in the Context of the Identity and Cultural Heritage of South and South East Asia", Full list of rice varieties and cultivars, List of top international rankings by country, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rice&oldid=1022517603, Pages with login required references or sources, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles to be expanded from September 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2011, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Vague or ambiguous geographic scope from April 2021, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Беларуская (тарашкевіца), Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Calpe, Concepción.

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