Are Kelen and the similar concept you had more "natural" ways to get rid of verbs? The result is that you can have some words that have a strange mix of describing both permanent and transient qualities at the same time. She also independently developed the idea of a relational, and even gave it the same name. Relative clauses are formed in particular ways. A to-infinitive is a verbal consisting of to + a verb, and it acts like a subject, direct object, subject complement, adjective, or )<>It seems an artificial way to “get rid of” verbs, since you’re basically shoving the “verbiness” into the lexicon as opposed to the grammar.<<. Now, there are, to an extent, a finite number of responsibilities to be divided among the parts of speech in a language. "Are languages without conjugation easier to pick than those with?" So to carry the equivalent of a verbs information load, you have two static descriptions of a situation, and the meaning is carried by the contrast of the two states. The Ahu word “kagu”, for example, means an annoying thing, a nuisance, that which annoys or bothers. Try to say, I am making some lunch . 4 Riau Indonesian: a language without nouns and verbs. Up until this point, I’ve never studied grammar for this language.No verb tables, conjugations or syntax. For example, instead of “drink” there is “drinker” or “one-who/that-which-drinks”. B. Change ), A Blog of Literature and Speculative Linguistics, SpecLing #2: A Language Without Nouns? Well, I’m on the side that making technical distinctions when the practical effect is the same is a bit pointless. If you take this further, please post more about it. ( Log Out /  In any case, what I’ve translated as “drinker” is an underived root morpheme, unrelated to any hypothetical verb “to drink”. Without - English Grammar Today - a reference to written and spoken English grammar and usage - Cambridge Dictionary "I caught a fish with a rod" could be expressed as "free fish then fish on my rod then fish in my possession". End quote. Not all languages have the same parts of speech, either. Look at your title -- it's also perfectly fine without a verb! When linguistics study pidgins–contact languages developed by two groups who speak un-related languages–there are almost invariably nouns and verbs, the suggestion being that these two categories are required for human language. An augmentative infix (meaning “a big one”) added to “bali” (one who punches) creates “bahali” means “a big guy who punches”, and if you use that with a passive and say “na i se bahali” (1s PRED PRF.PASS punch.AUG) it means “I got punched by a big guy”. Rather than an artificial way to get rid of verbs, I really meant the distinction was artificial. Privacy, Help No Verbs: Another experiment of mine in a verb-less language took what I consider to be the second approach, which is to simply eliminate the verb class, and distribute its responsibilities among the other parts of speech. Surely by "artificial", you weren't suggesting that a more "natural" way to get rid of verbs would be the idea discussed above with "past.ice present.water", where actions are not referenced directly, but must be inferred from discriptions of static states at various points in time. Is that an action, a state or an entity? (The word after the period is the content word, and before is some grammatical construction expressing case or tense.). I came across more strongly than I intended. The preposition without means ‘not having something’ or ‘lacking something’: I can’t drink tea without milk. It would be interesting to construct a language that had no verb tenses, and no way of expressing time--such as words like "now", or "then" or "yesterday", etc. Therefore, a non-finite verb is never the main verb in a sentence. “Having a “drinker” implies the existence of a concept of drinking as a verb.”. ... relative clauses without verbs. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. So the question becomes, could you, by expansion of the categories of function words of various types and with assistance from other content categories, split up the responsibilities of the verb category? The extreme is very interesting though. – user unknown Mar 23 '20 at 9:14 I confess I had not considered the distinction between semantic verbs and syntactic verbs. 2008 Jan-Feb;41(1):1-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2007.02.001. Imai M, Li L, Haryu E, Okada H, Hirsh-Pasek K, Golinkoff RM, Shigematsu J. Are relationals in fact vestigial verbs? Basque is an ergative language, meaning that inflectionally the single argument (subject) of an intransitive verb is marked in the same way as the direct object of a transitive verb. Colours and other adjectives are expressed as verbs: instead of saying "[The chair] [is] [white]," where you have the SV[PA] pattern, you say "[The chair] [is white]," where you have a SV pattern. You can have an expressive language without verbs. Perhaps inevitably, critics have commented unfavourably on the lack of action in Michel Thaler’s work, The Train from Nowhere, which runs to 233 pages. Would you like email updates of new search results? Yes there are languages without irregular plurals or verb conjugations. It’s omnipredicative – all nouns can take this prefix with no surprising change in meaning. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. I suppose you could express "I drank" as "external water then internal water in my body". Especially if it had normal verbs. Posted by atsiko on November 11, 2013 in atsiko, Conlanging, Linguistics, Speculative Linguistics, Tags: kelen, language, linguistcs, relationals, speculative linguistics, verbs, Something I do in most of my languages is to essentially replace all verbs signifying the agent of that verb. Some researchers now suggest that the development of nouns vs verbs is influenced by different languages. Just as a postscript to Mark's comment in the previous post on the man who claimed modern performers do not use nouns, verbs, or adjectives, let's look again at the quoted passage from William Katz, this time removing the nouns, verbs, and adjectives to get a sense of how he thinks current performers … This is the first in a series of posts on the subject of speculative linguistics, the study of language in a speculative context. | Atsiko's Chimney, Magic vs. Science; Function vs. Basically, it’s what it says on the tin, it expresses a relationship between nouns(noun phrases). It is generally considered that all human languages have at least two parts of speech, verbs and nouns. But i also know japanese also uses more verblike verbs. However, if you look at a verbs, you can see that they do in fact have some similar grammatical elements beyond the basic concept they represent. Likewise: A. This suggests that we can decide a priori how to divide out responsibilities, at least to an extent. Non-finite verbs can function as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs or combine with a finite verb for verb tense. If we rearrange the words into this structure we come to: ... without it, language itself would not exist. FOIA What all actions have is an agent, an entity that performs them. Great minds think alike? woman she’s-drinker-of.it water My intention is to take an exam around the middle of next year at Teastas Eorpach na Gaeilge to get my level certified according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) which I’m hoping, if I continue at … There are all sorts of embellishments, such as a “manner” or “instrumental” clause that could be added: “past.ice present.water instrument.heat”, for example. Only some word orders are acceptable. There are, to my mind, two major ways to create a verb-less language: 1. Active 9 years, 1 month ago. Well it is possible, as it all comes down to the notion of verb and what kind of information those words hold. I’ve never tried one before, and honestly I don’t have high hopes for the concept. It also makes the sentences quite flexible, for example: Kuari a-huna-ka huana Vestigial Verbs: As this is a topic and a challenge in language that has interested me for a long time, I’ve made several attempts at creating a verb-less language, and over time, I like to think they have gotten less crude. Each part of speech consists, in the most basic sense, of a set of responsibilities for the expression of thought. Instead of saying “I drink water” you say “I am drinker of water.” Things like past tense can be marked with more nouns, like one meaning “one who or that which used to be X”. And then I found a teacher who turned my whole idea of effective language learning upside down. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. It seems impossible. Conjugation is a type of inflection, so the discussion has become something like "Are languages with little inflection (analytic or isolating, to be technical) easier than highly inflected languages?" Content words vs. function words:  Verbs, like nouns and adjectives, are “content words”. In a typical Siouan language, the concepts that would be adjectival in English are coded by stative verbs (intransitive verbs that take transitive object concord prefixes) or nouns. No, it's not the only language. In those languages the answer is almost always yes. Going by my definition of verbs above, you are correct, since I defined them by responsibilities and not by root meaning, and that is the method you have used to remove them as a distinct class in your languages. Actions exist as a concepts and to not have words to refer to actions directly is quite extreme. It was something like “runner the coyote” versus “coyote the runner:” Sadly (IMO), it appears that the Salishan languages do actually have distinct word classes but their difference is so slight that it has often been overlooked. I’m not sure how far you could practically take this idea though, but it would be a fun experiment. Well, yes, the concept of drinking exists. WITHOUT VERBS. There are probably many more methods of creating a verb-less language. Basically, it’s the application of real-world linguistics to non-real-world linguistic occurrences. There are also agglutinative languages with highly regular morphology. I think you could make a good argument that they are not, but are actually an altered version of a particle/case marker. You can abstract out these features into function words, and in fact some languages do. When linguistics study pidgins–contact languages developed by two groups who speak un-related languages–there are almost invariably nouns and verbs, the suggestion being that these two categories are required for human language.
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