The unprecedented operation to save 12 boys and their football coach from a flooded cave in Thailand. When the British divers reach a dry section, other divers take over and carry the boys out of the water to the next dive location. Thankfully, they find no bodies, but that means the boys must be even deeper inside. ERIK BROWN: We came back to some pretty horrifying news, you know? But soon after, the skies open up and a powerful monsoon storm strikes. NARRATOR: If the boys are somehow still alive, deeper in the cave, they’ll have to spend the rest of the night on their own. We built an animated diver, constructed sections of the cave in meticulous detail, tested various animations and effects. He urgently needs to assess them medically. DIVER 1: We are coming. NARRATOR: Ten days into their ordeal, the boys and their coach are famished. BANDIT PHANPHALAKORN: (Translated from Thai) I was very worried. NARRATOR: Above ground, pressure mounts on the authorities to reveal their rescue plan. The cave is located within the Doi Nang Non Mountains. That might mean swimming a vast distance under water in tight spaces and pitch-black, murky conditions. With a huge team of volunteers and military personnel, they head for the mountain. IVAN KARADZIC: Being part of changing the impossible to the possible, that feels great. Thai rescue personnel and volunteers from all over the world arrived at the entrance of Tham Luang cave to coordinate the rescue operation, which included cave … They had parts where you would have to come semi-vertical on your side to squeeze through, take a breath in and squeeze your way through some of the, some of the tighter passages. Inside the Thai Cave Rescue with Ben Reymenants and Claus Rasmussen Between 23 June and 10 July 2018, people across the world held their breath as they watched a seemingly impossible situation unfold: the rescue of 12 young boys and their football coach from a flooded cave in the remote mountains of Northern Thailand. But I also know that not breathing is a really bad idea, and I chose to let go of the rope, so I can use both my hands to undo the strap. Dr. Pak provides them with some much-needed sustenance, tailored towards their calorie-deprived state. In the dry season, explorers plumb its twisting depths. They’d been sitting for hours and hours and hours and used their experience to make sure that our mission and our planning was making it as safe as possible for the kids. PAK LOHARACHUN: (Translated from Thai) The SEALs team started work immediately, when we were first told to look for the kids. way through to the entrance. PAK LOHARACHUN: (Translated from Thai) I thought it would be easy to dive out because they were pumping the water away, but seven out of the nine pumps weren’t working, so there was a lot of water flooding in. A documentary on the extraordinary cave rescue at Tham Luang in Chiang Rai that captivated people worldwide last year produced by Thai PBS will be one of the highlights at INPUT 2019, a world’s leading event for public broadcasters and documentary film producers to … This was mainly for psychological reasons, for every NARRATOR: Fifteen days after the boys first went into the cave, the Interior Minister signs off on a risky rescue plan, and the following morning Governor Osotthanakorn makes an announcement to the press. IVAN KARADZIC: Now, I can see the light from the diver and can see the silhouette of the U.K. diver, and I can see that he’s holding onto something, dragging something through the water. Earlier in the mission, anticipating that the boys might not be able to wait it out in the cave, rescuers try to get them out sooner, by flying a drill up on to the mountain, to open a shaft down to the boys, from above. CNN NEWSCASTER: All 12 boys, every child from that soccer team has been rescued. British diver Rick Stanton, who was actively involved in the complicated rescue operation to save the 13 young Mu Pa footballers, says that the British cave … Our brief was to 3D survey a 6km stretch of the Tham Luang cave passages in Thailand, using LiDAR terrestrial scanners. I didn’t eat, didn’t sleep much, either. Another caver to arrive is Noppadon Uppakham. DIVE. Using makeshift dams, plastic pipes and bamboo, they begin to divert water away from sinkholes and down the mountain. You can have a pretty good plan, but something this complex with these many moving parts, it’s never going to go exactly as planned. What’s happened to them? Everybody started to wear down, because we were sleeping so little and not getting enough rest. This program was produced by WGBH, which is solely responsible for its content. NARRATOR: Having spent years exploring the Tham Luang cave system, Vern’s knowledge of its layout is vital to the search mission. ERIK BROWN: They bought a little bit of K.F.C. The Governor calls in Thailand’s most formidable fighting force, the Thai Navy SEALS. ERIK BROWN: You’re not going to know how things are going to go, because it’s never been done before. then rest on the fourth, however, in practise, our rest days and evenings were in for us. JENNIFER WILD: I think, here in the west, it would have been absolutely normal for the parents to be furious, but the parents responded in such a gracious way, writing letters to the coach would have helped him not blame himself. NARONGSAK OSOTTANAKORN: (Translated from Thai) There’s no better day than today. We look forward to the broadcast of Drain the Oceans: Thai Cave Rescue in the UK on the 6th of January, 2020 on the Nat Geo channel. JENNIFER WILD (Oxford University): They would have been having thoughts about whether or not they would stay there, whether they would survive, whether they’d get out and see their family again, whether they would die. NARRATOR: Soon after arrival, Ivan and Erik discover just how brutal conditions in the cave are. The cave system proved to be every bit as challenging as we had imagined. NARRATOR: Eventually, they develop a straightforward plan: swim each boy out of the cave, accompanied by a dedicated diver. • Out Of The Dark - Four Corners documentary (55:44); 17 July 2018; ABC News (Australia) on YouTube Prior to setting off we were looking at a hand-drawn cave survey of the Tham Luang cave system, completed by its first explorers. No one on the outside can fully comprehend what the boys must be feeling and rescuers are concerned for their mental wellbeing. NARRATOR: It’s now 1:00 a.m. and the boys have been missing for half the night. Whenever there was an obstruction, such as a rock or something, the diver would hit the rock, instead of the kid hitting the rocks. We are ready; this is D-Day! So, the reality of it was more rain was on the way, and the threat was going to get substantially worse the longer they waited. BANDIT PHANPHALAKORN: (Translated from Thai) We were stressed and couldn’t sleep for worrying. CBC NEWS NEWSREADER: In Thailand there is a very concerning situation. Each boy wore a wetsuit, boots, a helmet and a full-face scuba mask. For locals in the once-sleepy rural region of Mae Sai, it has provided … A movie about last year’s dramatic rescue at the Tham Luang cave in Chiang Rai province opens today around Thailand. The boys themselves decided who should leave the cave first. easier, though most days underground were more than ten hours. There are now five flooded areas of the cave, with shallow canals and relatively dry areas in between. But if we lie still, we can normally survive without food for about two to three weeks, or even four. Many people are coming. In July 2018, the world held its breath as an international team of cave divers endeavored to rescue 12 boys and their soccer coach stranded deep in a flooded cave in Thailand. In July 2018, the world held its breath as an international team of cave divers endeavored to rescue 12 boys and their soccer coach stranded deep in a flooded cave in Thailand. NARRATOR: Saman’s death is a stark reminder of the dangers still ahead. I slept two to three hours, because I was thinking, because everyone was thinking, as if your own son was missing. KEN O’BRIEN: In our chamber, in Chamber 3, breathing rate was a little higher, for the amount of work that you were doing, you were a little more tired than usual. NARRATOR: Any thought that the divers would be facing a recovery task instead of a rescue are thankfully relieved. NARRATOR: Inside the cave, everyone fears the boys are now in danger of starving, even more so because they’re young and slim, with few fat reserves, and they must be burning energy just to stay warm. JOSH MORRIS: Here we are, heading out to divert water out of the cave, to try and help these boys get the water level down. It was an astonishing feat - after two agonising weeks the Thai cave boys and their coach were finally out at last, safe and sound. Thailand cave rescue On 23 June, 12 boys went exploring in Thailand's Chiang Rai province with their football coach - and ended up trapped deep inside a … MAJOR CHARLES HODGES (U.S. Air Force): The only option we had was to go with the diving option. NARRATOR: Oxygen levels are edging into a danger zone. Will they leave the boys in the cave, for what could be several months, until the monsoon rains end and the water recedes? But they know the cave continues for a long way beyond that point, so they can only hope the boys were able to move even further into the cave. She’s monitoring the rescue intently and is on hand to shed light on how the boys might be coping. It feels great. Obviously, if any kind of water was to come into the kid’s mask, that could have meant drowning. Experts featured in this film may have received support from funders of this program. PAK LOHARACHUN: (Translated from Thai) When the kids tried to escape the flood, they had walked barefoot, and so there were some cuts on their feet. JENNIFER WILD: When we’re younger, there is a tendency to be a bit more concrete in our style of thinking, which is actually protective. U.S. airmen assist building rope rescue systems in key chambers, and 13 ambulances, one for each child and their coach, wait outside. NARRATOR: Thai Cave Rescue, right now, on NOVA. BANDIT PHANPHALAKORN: (Translated from Thai) The moment we heard the divers had found the boys and they were safe, right then we felt very happy. CHARLES HODGES: Just on a personal level, I’ve got four kids. IVAN KARADZIC: How many cave divers there are there globally? The scans were re-stitched and cleaned up to eliminate noise and unnecessary items, such as people. So, too, is leading trauma expert, Dr. Jennifer Wild, of Oxford University. NOPPADON UPPAKHAM (Professional Caver): (Translated from Thai) The rain was quite a major obstacle, because if the rainfall increased, we didn’t know how much water would enter the cave, which could be dangerous for anyone searching inside. Finally, all is ready. NARRATOR: It’s an unprecedented triumph, but as the world celebrates, inside the cave, there are still dozens of rescue workers. It’s going to, every day, it’s going to go down a little bit. IVAN KARADZIC: The Euro team’s role, at that point, was to go into the area called Chamber 6, which is roughly halfway into the cave. At that moment, the rescue was at a critical stage, as the water was torrential. ERIK BROWN: You couldn’t see your finger in front of your face, until you touched your mask. Their parents begin to get word, but aren’t told which children have been rescued or who’s still in the cave. There is only so much you can do. The documentary manages to impress upon viewers the dangers that lurk inside Chiang Rai’s Tham Luang cave, … A documentary on the extraordinary cave rescue at Tham Luang in Chiang Rai that captivated people worldwide last year produced by Thai PBS will be one of the highlights at… Read More Tham Luang cave closure postponed until further notice It’s a longshot, but if it pays off, it could shorten the boys’ stay. point and then do a search. It was late on the third day of the rescue, July 10, that the seemingly impossible had been achieved – all 13 members of the Wild Boars football team had been rescued from Tham Luang cave alive. I mean, it was just lots of hugs. One job was to NARRATOR: Shortly after learning the children are alive, the parents make a special gesture. To make matters worse, water is also entering from the south, while the groundwater below is thought to be rising, flooding the cave in many low-lying areas. With all the data gathered, we found ourselves quite sad to leave Thailand at the end, having made many solid friends, it was a very emotional journey. He’s died. NARRATOR: The search effort is proving enormously complicated, so the Thai government reaches out to the U.S. military. Early morning, Sunday, July 8th, the first major rescue mission is primed to begin. In the flooded depths of the cave, the so-called “Euro” divers, Ivan and Erik are sent to man Chamber 6. And that was probably my best experience on this entire mission. Meteorologists here are warning that the monsoon winds, bringing widespread rain to northern Thailand, are about to intensify. This is one of the most challenging rescues he’s attempted in a flooded cave. And everyone was okay with it. So, the reading of 15 percent is okay. There is probably, at this level, I think, maybe less than a hundred. At sea level, oxygen concentration is 21 percent in the atmosphere, but the prolonged presence of the boys, combined with the arrival of the rescuers, is using up the available oxygen in the cave faster than fresh air can seep in from outside. “Two British divers have today found the 13 team members perched on the Nerm Nom Sao ledge.” “I promise I will care for the kids as best as possible. JOSHUA MORRIS (Caving and Expedition Leader): They were removing so much water out of there, but the problem was it’s like turning the faucet on and trying to siphon water out at the same time. IVAN KARADZIC: About one minute into the dive, maybe even less, my helmet somehow gets trapped in the ceiling above me and the too-short strap is strangling me. No one knows how accurate they are, but from what can be pieced together, the interior looks like this. discipline to ensure that everything is recorded meticulously is probably the The cave system is thought to be about six miles long, a daunting distance, but such a long cave offers the hope that there are plenty of places dry enough for the boys to retreat to and flee the rising water. Rescuers try to stabilize levels by draining as much as possible using heavy-duty pumping equipment. The intensified rainwater is pouring into a deep underground stream north of the cave, causing water to flow furiously down the northern passage, trapping the boys somewhere within the subterranean maze. The kids, then, were using a full-face mask. There’s no one here, and now they only have enough air to go a little further. CNN NEWSCASTER: Enormous relief in Thailand, as rescue teams found that youth soccer team—look at that—alive, in a cave. At one a.m. on Friday, Day 14 of the rescue, volunteer rescue diver Petty Officer Saman Gunan is returning from an overnight mission delivering oxygen tanks. There are a couple of competing projects percolating about the 2018 Tham Luang cave rescue of the teens on the Thailand Wild Boar boys soccer team after they were led by their coach into the cave. By pumping water out and diverting it away from sinkholes, rescuers have now succeeded in partially draining the first half mile of the cave, so the opening section is, more or less, walkable. Jon and Rick immediately don their scuba gear and plunge into the cave to assess the challenge. Among those desperate to find them is Mr. Bandit Phanphalakorn, a close friend of one of the boy’s fathers. The Thai authorities have decided that 13 people who have never worn scuba gear before must attempt a treacherous cave dive that has already defeated one highly experienced diver. Per Wikipedia, “In June and July 2018, a widely publicised cave rescue saved the lives of members of a junior football team who were trapped inside the Tham Luang Nang Non cave in … Meanwhile, we processed the drone imagery into a surface model. So they decide to add one more precaution: each boy will be sedated for most of his perilous journey. scans together in the field, to check for any parts of the cave we may have ERIK BROWN: For me, this isn’t the type of conditions that you would ever dive in. Cave diving is a very specialised skill, and expert cave rescuers are even rarer. The rescue begins at the boys’ location, dubbed “Chamber 9.” All along the route, different rescue teams are stationed, nervously poised for the big moment. We have all been captivated with the Thai cave rescue; how the boys got trapped and how they were finally rescued. And they were positioned in such a way that their head was facing down, so that also allows the U.K. diver that was bringing the kid out to kind of protect the kid. But how quickly can they be brought to the scene? And those guys are the best in the world. There were a few problems, as the conditions had been quite cloudy, but skilful low flying, cloud-dodging, and waiting for conditions to improve, meant that a superb model accurate to within 10cm was produced. That day, morale definitely took a hit. They decide waiting will only increase the peril. I assessed them and concluded that there were no health complications, no infections, no symptoms that worried me. Worse, water is rushing into the cave, with no sign of the boys. Rescue efforts intensify. The replica of Tham Luang has scaled down the length of the cave from the entrance to the Nom Sao elevated ground, a total of 2,315 meters, to 30 meters. Follow the harrowing operation and discover the scientific ingenuity that made the rescue possible. After hours of swimming through the most perilous part of the cave, with zero visibility, they finally reach Pattaya Beach, the point where hopes were high that the boys would be found. And that made you think a little bit that if a person like Saman can, can get into trouble and lose his life in there, maybe the same thing could happen again. The Air Force’s Pararescue troops respond, elite airmen, trained to perform rescue operations in any environment imaginable. NARONGSAK OSOTTANAKORN: (Translated from Thai) The cave is limestone, full of cracks and holes, so we would walk the area in the hope of finding any possible sinkholes to be able to climb down inside the cave. Up on the mountain, he leads a team hunting for alternative access points into the cave. It’s now obvious that if the boys are going to be found alive, qualified scuba divers with cave experience are required. BANDIT PHANPHALAKORN (Friend of Player’s Father): (Translated from Thai) I went in a short distance but didn’t dare go any further. NARRATOR: Inside the cave, rescue teams face brutal conditions. And when you’re in there for longer periods of time, your mind starts playing tricks on you. NARRATOR: First, they have to reduce the fear of drowning and ensure a reliable air supply. It is amusing to put one of the I want to say thank you for all the support,” 25 year old Cochairs Ekk wrote in a touching letter, nine days after they were found sitting atop a ledge known as “Nerm Nom Sao” inside the Tham Luang cave by British divers. Many people are coming. BANDIT PHANPHALAKORN: (Translated from Thai) Every time the children were brought out, we hoped it would be our child. Understandably, many rescuers are now even more worried about diving the boys out. We were just waiting to hear the news, waiting at the cave entrance to hear from whoever came out. VERN UNSWORTH (Professional Diver): If we can get up there, we can virtually get to the G.P.S. Hear his story, and how his experiences can enhance and motivate your team. subsequent surveying day required less travel to the start and so became Eventually, they find an air pocket and surface for the last time, and when they shine their light into the darkness this time, they finally make the discovery everyone was hoping for. ERIK BROWN: You’re sitting in the darkest place in the world. NARRATOR: As well as taking care of the boys’ immediate needs, Dr. Pak reveals he will stay with them. THAM LUANG. By, Drain the Oceans: Thai Cave Rescue – A Nat Geo documentary, on Drain the Oceans: Thai Cave Rescue – A Nat Geo documentary, 1a Hobson Court, Gillan Way, Penrith CA11 9GQ, How to Combine Drone and LiDAR Survey Data. “The Cave – Nang Non” is based on “the untold true stories of some of the rescuers involved in the mega-international rescue mission that captivated the world’s attention. They dive alone, about 30 minutes apart, for stretches as long as 15 minutes, or nearly 1,200 feet, and through areas as narrow as two feet. Over several weeks we created several models to create CGI imagery for the film. But finding the boys was the easy part, compared to the challenge they now confront: mounting a rescue. It’s okay. DIVER 1: We are coming. We tried to work to three days and The data from the scans would be processed to make a photorealistic CGI 3D model of the cave journey. But now, after more than 72 hours the boys would be facing other serious problems. Dive instructors Erik Brown from Canada, and Mikko Paasi from Finland, Belgian rescue diver Jim Warny and Chinese cave diving instructor Tan Xiaolong will all … NARONGSAK OSOTTANAKORN: (Translated from Thai) I felt so proud to be a part of it, one of 10,000 people who made this mission successful. Any food they had with them would likely have been eaten or ruined, and despite the flooding, there may not be water that’s safe to drink. IVAN KARADZIC: From the outside, it looked like an ants’ nest. Who would want to take the responsibility for that? Chiang Rai province has opened a replica of Tham Luang Cave park for visitors who want to learn more about the famous Cave Rescue. Amazingly, even though it’s still heavily raining, water levels inside the cave finally stabilize and start to drop. Tham Luang caves, Thailand (CNN) The Wild Boars are back. In zero visibility, a guideline is a lifeline. And I know that letting go of this rope is not a good idea, because I will lose my orientation totally. IVAN KARADZIC: As a cave diver, we always plan for the worst-case scenario, so we will come out of the cave with a minimum, with a minimum of a third of the gas supply still intact, in case something happens. Once back in the UK the real work began. “Thai Cave Rescue” is in the works by National Geographic Documentary Films to capture the heroic endeavour that brought the 12 footballers and their coach out alive of … ERIK BROWN: There was no other choice, not even something else, when you sort of go through all the options that sort of got put on the table, you sort of start to scratch them off, so there’s really only one left. So, even if drilling succeeds, it’s unlikely to be fast enough to save the boys from drowning should the cave flood further, leaving just one option: a highly risky dive rescue. They choose to focus on the gratitude they feel towards the coach for caring for their children through such an unimaginable ordeal. Meanwhile, the water continues to rise. NARRATOR: As soon as the boys are found, Dr. Pak, of the Royal Thai Army, a skilled diver, makes the dangerous journey to their location. KEN O’BRIEN: The scariest part about this is I had no idea the condition of any of the boys or the coach. Everybody, especially the boys’ anxious parents, are desperately hoping there will be survivors in need of them. The scans were also adjusted with GPS co-ordinates, to ensure the cave would be orientated correctly when we merged both the surface scans and underground models. Soon, Erik Brown and Ivan Karadzic join them. But then, as we got introduced to the different teams, we started to see that this is not chaotic; there is actually a master plan behind all that. And from that perspective, it was really helpful. I would turn the child so that they were face up towards me, and I would listen to make sure that they weren’t working too hard to breathe. To aid the search, professional cavers arrive. SERGEANT KEN O’BRIEN (U.S. Air Force): Even the professional divers said this is some of the sketchiest diving they’ve ever done. The SEALs brace themselves in preparation for what they might find. NARRATOR: Day Four: the whole world is now following the story. Our brief was to 3D survey a 6km stretch of the Tham Luang cave passages in Thailand, using LiDAR terrestrial scanners. NARRATOR: The rescuers need to make a guess about where the boys are. A makeshift Rescue Headquarters is set up outside the cave, and up on the mountain, hundreds of volunteers continue the search for an alternative way into the cave, still hoping they can reach the boys through another opening. KEN O’BRIEN: The odds of those children and the coach being alive even in another week, let alone months, was very low. I mean you’re completely exhausted, but it was exciting. NARRATOR: The thousands of volunteers from Thailand and around the world pulled off a miraculous rescue entirely against the odds, a marvel of bravery and human endeavor. And also, it was a good way to assess their mental state, whether they were ready to do this or not. Divers from the British Cave Rescue Council, who will be at the vanguard of the rescue operation, rehearse their mission in a nearby swimming pool with some local children. But where are they? The rescuers are shaken. But much more than that, the amazing Thailand cave rescue gave 12 boys and their coach a future that many feared was lost. The Royal Thai Navy made the announcement yesterday. There was a good chance that any one of them could have come up and been dead. The photos were processed to colour-match and check level brightness. For parents and the local community, the ordeal continues. If there wasn’t an end goal in the situation, you’d definitely say “I’m not going in there.” You couldn’t see your finger in front of your face, until you touched your mask. CHARLES HODGES: When we landed in Chiang Rai, it was about 1:00 in the morning, on the 28th of June, early Thursday morning, and we went straight to the mouth of the cave. In one section, rescuers use a high-line to haul the boy’s Skedco®, a special stretcher, up a steep slope. Having worked for The National Geographic on several occasions, it was great to be back working on Drain the Oceans: Thai Cave Rescue. And the four SEALs? Hear how rescuers explored every option—from pumping water, to drilling a new exit, to ultimately cave diving with the children through the treacherous, flooded passages. Officials are still considering a plan that would wait to bring the boys out until the monsoon rains have stopped, but that could mean up to four months additional delay, which could also prove deadly. NARRATOR: As is normal protocol, the SEALs lay a guideline, so they can find their way out again. The boys come down the slope to meet the two divers. PAK LOHARACHUN: (Translated from Thai) First, I felt happy, then I thought, “What do I have to do next to take care of their physical and mental health, so they are ready for us to bring them out of the cave?” I felt so relieved that all the kids could communicate well and could move and stand up. Nothing quite like this has ever been attempted before, so why has the job fallen to these men? Hundreds of air tanks and supplies are brought almost a mile in, to a staging point they name Chamber 3. In the dry sections, the cave was very easy to navigate for experienced cavers, however, then came the slippery section with lots of clambering over large boulders. If, by some miracle they are still alive, they are trapped somewhere dark and wet, with no food or clean water.
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