keeps on growing" (archive), "Philly Fed: Homeowners in gentrifying neighborhoods suffer tax delinquency but not displacement", "Discovering Chestnut Hill: Discover Summit Street, a microcosm of 19th Century American architecture – Chestnut Hill Local Philadelphia PA", Philadelphia Neighborhoods and Place Names, A–K, "(Greater) Center City's population second only to Midtown Manhattan's", "Philadelphia 2035: The Comprehensive Plan", "Philadelphia Parking Authority: History", "Dirt Into Dollars; Converting Vacant Land Into Valuable Development", "Climate Summary for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "One wild storm: A look back at the 'Blizzard of '96, "Average Days of Precipitation, .01 Inches or more", "WMO Climate Normals for PHILADELPHIA/INT'L ARPT PA 1961–1990", "Snow total at airport gets a boost A new measuring station and technique likely contributed to two 8-inch-plus readings", "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data", "State of the Air 2017 – Methodology and Acknowledgements", "Philadelphia County – State of the Air 2017", "Population of the 100 largest cities and other urban places in the United States: 1790 to 1990", "Historical, demographic, economic, and social data: the United States, 1790–1970", "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Pennsylvania's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting", "2011–2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates", "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 2010 Demographic Profile Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File", "Pennsylvania – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990", "How Does the Census 2000 Question on Race Differ from the 1990 Question? Thus Munich commissioned an Idomeneo revision from Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, performed in 1931, and the same year the Vienna State Opera presented a distinctively interventionist version of the score by Richard Strauss. These immigrants were largely responsible for the first general strike in North America in 1835, in which workers in the city won the ten-hour workday. When he says he would rather die than suffer the torments of his rejected love, Ilia confesses her love. In 2017, the Census Bureau estimated that the racial composition of the city was 41.3% Black (non-Hispanic), 34.9% White (non-Hispanic), 14.1% Hispanic or Latino, 7.1% Asian, 0.4% Native American, 0.05% Pacific Islander, and 2.8% multiracial. [177][178][179] The originator of the thinly-sliced steak sandwich in the 1930s, initially without cheese, is Pat's King of Steaks, which faces its rival Geno's Steaks, founded in 1966,[180] across the intersection of 9th Street and Passyunk Avenue in the Italian Market of South Philadelphia. [24], Philadelphia is the home of many U.S. firsts, including the first library (1731),[25] hospital (1751),[25] medical school (1765),[26] national capital (1774),[27] stock exchange (1790),[25] zoo (1874),[28] and business school (1881). The Philadelphia metropolitan area's Jewish population was estimated at 206,000 in 2001, which was the sixth largest in the United States at that time. In 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina (present-day Wilmington, Delaware) and quickly spread out in the valley. [273], In 2014, Philadelphia enacted an ordinance decriminalizing the possession of less than 30 grams of marijuana or 8 grams of hashish; the ordinance gave police officers the discretion to treat possession of these amounts as a civil infraction punishable by a $25 ticket, rather than a crime. [341][342], Southeastern Pennsylvania was assigned the 215 area code in 1947 when the North American Numbering Plan of the Bell System went into effect. [52] The first major reform came in 1917 when outrage over the election-year murder of a police officer led to the shrinking of the City Council from two houses to just one. New York City surpassed Philadelphia in population by 1790. Idomeneo is saved by Neptune (god of the sea) and is washed up on a Cretan beach. [131] The Philadelphia metropolitan area, comprising the Delaware Valley, has also become a growing hub for venture capital funding. [334], The readers of USA Today newspaper voted the Schuylkill River Trail the best urban trail in the nation in 2015. [107], The estimated average population density was 11,782 people per square mile (4,549/km2) in 2017. Villanova won the 2016[222] and the 2018[223] championship of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. Anti-Irish, anti-Catholic nativist riots erupted in Philadelphia in 1844. All other district-run schools were below average. The region is served also by public broadcasting stations WPPT-TV (Philadelphia), WHYY-TV (Wilmington, Delaware and Philadelphia), WLVT-TV (Lehigh Valley), and NJTV (New Jersey). The Pennsylvania Railroad first operated Broad Street Station, then 30th Street Station and Suburban Station, and the Reading Railroad operated Reading Terminal, now part of the Pennsylvania Convention Center. The American Revolutionary War and United States' independence pushed them further west. [279] The two newspapers had a combined daily circulation of 306,831 and a Sunday circulation of 477,313 in 2013[update]—the eighteenth largest circulation in the country—while the website of the newspapers, Philly.com,[280] was ranked thirteenth in popularity among online U.S. newspapers by Alexa Internet for the same year. A few major changes to the plot were made as well, such as changing princess Elettra to priestess Ismene. [152] The Wilma Theatre and the Philadelphia Theatre Company at the Suzanne Roberts Theatre produce a variety of new plays. Philadelphia's Gayborhood, which is located near Washington Square, is home to a large concentration of gay and lesbian friendly businesses, restaurants, and bars. [108] According to the 2010 Census, 343,837 (22.5%) were under the age of 18; 203,697 (13.3%) from 18 to 24; 434,385 (28.5%) from 25 to 44; 358,778 (23.5%) from 45 to 64; and 185,309 (12.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. Entrance and exit ramps for the Benjamin Franklin Bridge are near the eastern end of the expressway, just west of the I-95 interchange. [292], As of 2018[update], the FCC lists 28 FM and 11 AM stations for Philadelphia. [4] Penn named the city Philadelphia, which is Greek for "brotherly love," derived from the Ancient Greek terms φίλος phílos (beloved, dear) and ἀδελφός adelphós (brother, brotherly). Which brings me to the $2999 REL S/812. Each of those seven districts recorded more than a thousand violent crimes in 2014. [176] The Philadelphia area has many establishments that serve cheesesteaks, including restaurants, taverns, delicatessens and pizza parlors. [264] In May 2019, former U.S. Vice President Joe Biden chose Philadelphia to be his 2020 U.S. presidential campaign headquarters. In regard to other Latin American populations in Philadelphia, there are significant Mexican and Central American populations in South Philadelphia. The culture of American popular music has been influenced by significant contributions of Philadelphia area musicians and producers, in both the recording and broadcasting industries. Philadelphia's two major daily newspapers are The Philadelphia Inquirer, first published in 1829—the third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country—and the Philadelphia Daily News, first published in 1925. [51], President's House – the presidential mansion of George Washington and John Adams, 1790–1800, Opening day ceremonies at the Centennial Exposition at Memorial Hall, 1876 – first official World's Fair in the United States, By the 20th century, Philadelphia had an entrenched Republican political machine and a complacent population. [56][57], Revitalization and gentrification of neighborhoods began in the late 1970s and continues into the 21st century, with much of the development occurring in the Center City and University City neighborhoods. Owing to over a century of linguistic data collected by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania under sociolinguist William Labov, the Philadelphia dialect has been one of the best-studied forms of American English. Industry, along with the U.S. Centennial, was celebrated in 1876 with the Centennial Exposition, the first official World's Fair in the United States. By the 1750s, Philadelphia had surpassed Boston to become the largest city and busiest port in British America, and second in the British Empire after London. "[8] Idomeneo was Mozart's first mature opera, in which he – unique among composers – for the first time and continuing this for all his subsequent operas, ended the work in the key of the overture. There he recalls the vow he made to Neptune: to sacrifice, if he should arrive safely on land, the first living creature he should meet. The Section 8 Rental Assistance Program is a federally-funded program which enables income eligible families, senior citizens, disabled and handicapped persons to reside in privately-owned, decent, safe and sanitary housing. [138], The city's K-12 enrollment in district–run schools dropped from 156,211 students in 2010 to 130,104 students in 2015. Both she and her sister Dion were named after the Canadian singer Celine Dion. [240][241], Additionally, Philadelphia is home to the federal United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, both of which are housed in the James A. Byrne United States Courthouse. Idomeneo was performed three times in Munich. [331] In 2005, SEPTA reintroduced trolley service to the Girard Avenue Line, Route 15. Mozart and Varesco were commissioned in 1780 by Karl Theodor, Elector of Bavaria for a court carnival. [89] July averages 78.1 °F (25.6 °C),[89] although heat waves accompanied by high humidity and heat indices are frequent, with highs reaching or exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on 27 days of the year. In 2014, about 8,800 jobs were added to the city's economy. [175] Famous rock and pop musicians from Philadelphia or its suburbs include Bill Haley & His Comets, Todd Rundgren and Nazz, Hall & Oates, The Hooters, Ween, Cinderella, and Pink. [73][74] Much of the city's 1980 zoning code was overhauled from 2007 to 2012 as part of a joint effort between former mayors John F. Street and Michael Nutter. Philadelphia's largest private employer is the University of Pennsylvania followed by the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Of Philadelphia's adults, 31 percent were married or lived as a couple, 55 percent were not married, 11 percent were divorced or separated, and 3 percent were widowed. The Voice of Neptune is heard. The Delaware Valley's 2019 estimated population of 7.21 million makes it the ninth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.[7]. U.S. Route 30 (Lancaster Avenue) extends westward from West Philadelphia to Lancaster. [292] In 1952, WFIL (renamed WPVI) premiered the television show Bandstand, which later became the nationally broadcast American Bandstand hosted by Dick Clark. [9] With Idomeneo, he demonstrated a mastery of orchestral color, accompanied recitatives, and melodic line. The first commercial AM radio stations began broadcasting in 1922: first WIP, then owned by Gimbels department store, followed by WFIL, then owned by Strawbridge & Clothier department store, and WOO, a defunct station owned by Wanamaker's department store, as well as WCAU and WDAS. This question has been heavily debated for decades. [108], The number of shootings in the city has declined significantly since the early years of the 21st century. Large-scale construction projects for new roads, canals, and railroads made Philadelphia the first major industrial city in the United States. His contemporaries included John McArthur Jr., Addison Hutton, Wilson Eyre, the Wilson Brothers, and Horace Trumbauer. [184], The Reading Terminal Market is a historic food market founded in 1893 in the Reading Terminal building, a designated National Historic Landmark. [247], As of December 31, 2016, there were 1,102,620 registered voters in Philadelphia. [15][16] As of 2019[update], the Philadelphia metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of $490 billion. [183] The tavern offers authentic 18th-century recipes, served in seven period dining rooms, three wine cellar rooms and an outdoor garden. [312] Over 12 million SEPTA and NJ Transit rail commuters use the station each year, and more than 100,000 people on an average weekday. The normal seasonal snowfall averages 22.4 in (57 cm), with rare snowfalls in November or April, and rarely any sustained snow cover. [148], The city is home to important archival repositories, including the Library Company of Philadelphia, established in 1731 by Benjamin Franklin,[149] and the Athenaeum of Philadelphia, founded in 1814. Immigrants, mostly from Ireland and Germany, settled in Philadelphia and the surrounding districts. Arbace comes with news that the people, led by the High Priest of Neptune, are clamoring for Idomeneo. [333], Philadelphia is a regional hub of the federally owned Amtrak system, with 30th Street Station being a primary stop on the Washington-Boston Northeast Corridor and the Keystone Corridor to Harrisburg and Pittsburgh. African diasporic religions are practiced in some Latino and Hispanic and Caribbean communities in North and West Philadelphia. [141] More than 80 colleges, universities, trade, and specialty schools are located in the Philadelphia region. As of 2018[update], 30th Street is Amtrak's third-busiest station in the country, after New York City and Washington. Benjamin Franklin, a leading citizen, helped improve city services and founded new ones, such as fire protection, a library, and one of the American colonies' first hospitals. Major corporations in the 19th and early 20th centuries included the Baldwin Locomotive Works, William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company, and the Pennsylvania Railroad. They are surprised by Electra and Idomeneo. [153][154] Several blocks to the east are the Lantern Theater Company at St. Stephens Episcopal Church;[155] and the Walnut Street Theatre, a National Historic Landmark stated to be the oldest and most subscribed-to theatre in the English-speaking world, founded in 1809. [a] Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, exacerbated by losses from intertribal conflicts. Like the millennial population, Philadelphia's immigrant population is also growing rapidly. The African Methodist Episcopal Church was established in Philadelphia. [35] Penn made a treaty of friendship with Lenape chief Tammany under an elm tree at Shackamaxon, in what is now the city's Fishtown neighborhood. Philadelphia placed fifth in the public transit friendly category, behind Washington, D.C., with the same three cities for walkability topping this category. After an agonizing farewell, Idomeneo is about to sacrifice his son when Ilia intervenes, offering her own life instead. Theodora (HWV 68) is a dramatic oratorio in three acts by George Frideric Handel, set to an English libretto by Thomas Morell.The oratorio concerns the Christian martyr Theodora and her Christian-converted Roman lover, Didymus. [166] Annual events include film festivals and parades, the most famous being the Thanksgiving Day Parade and the Mummers Parade on New Year's Day. The ballet is scored for the opera's full orchestra of flutes, oboes, clarinets (only present in the passacaille), bassoons, horns, trumpets, timpani, and strings. [230] The court also has a family division with 25 judges[231] and an orphans' court with three judges. with Nick Reveles: Mozart's, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idomeneo&oldid=1023137198, Operas set in fictional, mythological and folkloric settings, Articles with failed verification from May 2021, Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with International Music Score Library Project links, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz work identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "Padre, germani, addio" ("Father, brothers, farewell"), Ilia, "Non ho colpa" ("I am not guilty"), Idamante, "Tutte nel cor vi sento furie del cupo averno" ("I can feel you all in my heart, furies of the dark hell"), Electra, "Vedrommi intorno" ("I shall see around me"), Idomeneo, "Il padre adorato" ("My beloved father"), Idamante, "Se il tuo duol" ("If your pain"), Arbace, "Se il padre perdei" ("If I lost my father"), Ilia, "Fuor del mar" ("Out of the sea"), Idomeneo, "Zeffiretti lusinghieri" ("Zephyrs caressing"), Ilia, "Se colà ne' fati è scritto" ("If it is written in the destiny"), Arbace, "No, la morte io non pavento" ("No, I am not afraid of dying"), Idamante, "D'Oreste, d'Ajace ho in seno i tormenti" ("I feel Orestes's and Ajax's torments in my heart"), Electra, "Torna la pace" ("Peace comes again"), Idomeneo, This page was last edited on 14 May 2021, at 15:51. Historic areas such as Old City and Society Hill were renovated during the reformist mayoral era of the 1950s through the 1980s, making those areas among the most desirable neighborhoods in Center City. The original city plan was designed to allow for easy travel and to keep residences separated by open space that would help prevent the spread of fire. The city encompasses 142.71 square miles (369.62 km2), of which 134.18 square miles (347.52 km2) is land and 8.53 square miles (22.09 km2), or 6%, is water. [182] The City Tavern is a replica of a historic 18th-century building first opened in 1773, demolished in 1854 after a fire, and rebuilt in 1975 on the same site as part of Independence National Historical Park. The geographic center of Philadelphia is located approximately at 40° 0′ 34″ north latitude and 75° 8′ 0″ west longitude. The events that occurred at SeaWorld Orlando, most recently in 2010, and the subsequent release of the condemning documentary Blackfish in 2013 have brought to light the treatment of wild animals in captivity and whether or not it is an ethical practice. [152], Areas such as South Street and Old City have a vibrant night life. [191] The Athletics were initially an amateur league team that turned professional in 1871, and then became a founding team of the current National League in 1876. Electra welcomes the idea of going to Argos with Idamante. West Philadelphia and North Philadelphia are largely African-American neighborhoods, but many are leaving those areas in favor of the Northeast and Southwest sections of Philadelphia. Additionally, the PATCO Speedline subway system and NJ Transit's Atlantic City Line operate successor services to southern New Jersey. Mozart wrote one to be performed in the opera (K. 367) which he considered more of a Lullian divertissement. [29] Philadelphia contains 67 National Historic Landmarks and the World Heritage Site of Independence Hall. [185], The traditional Philadelphia accent is considered by some linguists to be the most distinctive accent in North America. The three plants can treat up to 546 million gallons of water per day, while the total storage capacity of the combined plant and distribution system exceeds one billion gallons. The city ranked tenth in the bike friendly cities category, with the top three cities being Minneapolis, San Francisco and Portland. [226] The city has been coterminous with the county since 1854. Mount Airy in Northwest Philadelphia also contains a large Jewish community, while nearby Chestnut Hill is historically known as an Anglo-Saxon Protestant community. Irish, Italian, German, Polish, English, Russian, Ukrainian, and French constitute the largest European ethnic groups in the city. When Idamante asks his father why he sends him away, Idomeneo can only reply that the youth must leave. Republicans hold two seats, one at-large seats and the Northeast-based Tenth District, while Working Families Party holds one at-large seat. The Susquehanna-Delaware watershed divides bound the frequently contested 'hunting grounds' between the rival Susquehannock peoples and the Lenape peoples, whilst the Catskills and Berkshires played a similar boundary role in the northern regions of their original colonial era range. [47], Philadelphia's 1952 Home Rule Charter was written by the City Charter Commission, which was created by the Pennsylvania General Assembly in an act of April 21, 1949, and a city ordinance of June 15, 1949. Hoping that Philadelphia would become more like an English rural town instead of a city, Penn laid out roads on a grid plan to keep houses and businesses spread far apart, with areas for gardens and orchards. Philadelphia has played a prominent role in the music of the United States. [104] The five largest European ancestries reported in the 2010 Census included Irish (13.0%), Italian (8.3%), German (8.2%), Polish (3.9%), and English (3.1%). Philadelphia has emerged as a hub for information technology and biotechnology. [22] The two parks, along with the Colonial Revival, Georgian and Federal-style mansions contained in them, have been listed as one entity on the National Register of Historic Places since 1972. Philadelphia was represented by the Washington Grays in the American Civil War. [157], Philadelphia has more public art than any other American city. Number, Terms and Salaries of Councilmen", "The Administration of Voter Registration in Pennsylvania-2016 Report to the General Assembly", "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections", "Long before 2016 craziness, there was Philadelphia 1935", "Congressional Apportionment 2010 Census Briefs", "Pennsylvania is currently represented by 18 individuals in the 435-member United States House of Representatives. The city is home to the Philadelphia Stock Exchange and the headquarters of cable television and internet provider Comcast, Brandywine Realty Trust, insurance companies Cigna, Colonial Penn, and Independence Blue Cross, food services company Aramark, chemical makers FMC Corporation and Rohm and Haas, pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline, apparel retailer Urban Outfitters and its subsidiaries including Anthropologie, automotive parts retailer Pep Boys, and stainless steel producer Carpenter Technology Corporation. [85] Seasonal snowfall accumulation has ranged from trace amounts in 1972–73 to 78.7 inches (200 cm) in the winter of 2009–10. [citation needed], In 1681, in partial repayment of a debt, Charles II of England granted Penn a charter for what would become the Pennsylvania colony. [71], Philadelphia's neighborhoods are divided into large sections—North, Northeast, South, Southwest, West, and Northwest—surrounding Center City, which correspond closely with the city's limits before consolidation in 1854. The trial division has 70 commissioned judges elected by the voters, along with about one thousand other employees. [108] The city's wealth disparity is evident when neighborhoods are compared. The largest artificial body of water is the East Park Reservoir in Fairmount Park. The libretto was adapted by Giambattista Varesco from a French text by Antoine Danchet, based on a 1705 play by Crébillion père, which had been set to music by André Campra as Idoménée in 1712. Its majority Christian populace is attributed to European colonialism and missionary work. He probably chose the subject, though it may have been Mozart. [34] In 1648, the Dutch built Fort Beversreede on the west bank of the Delaware, south of the Schuylkill near the present-day Eastwick neighborhood, to reassert their dominion over the area. Philadelphia is home to the Philadelphia Big 5, a group of five NCAA Division I college basketball programs. Idomeneo must yield the throne to Ilia and Idamante. [125][126], As of 2010[update], 79.12% (1,112,441) of Philadelphia residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 9.72% (136,688) spoke Spanish, 1.64% (23,075) Chinese, 0.89% (12,499) Vietnamese, 0.77% (10,885) Russian, 0.66% (9,240) French, 0.61% (8,639) other Asian languages, 0.58% (8,217) African languages, 0.56% (7,933) Cambodian (Mon-Khmer), and Italian was spoken as a main language by 0.55% (7,773) of the population over the age of five. In the first decades of the 19th century, Federal and Greek Revival architecture were the dominant styles produced by Philadelphia architects such as Benjamin Latrobe, William Strickland, John Haviland, John Notman, Thomas Walter, and Samuel Sloan. [38] These societies developed and financed new industries, attracting skilled and knowledgeable immigrants from Europe. Other intercity bus services include Megabus with stops at 30th Street Station and the visitor center for Independence Hall,[328] BoltBus (operated by Greyhound) at 30th Street Station,[329] OurBus at various stops in the city. In the royal garden, Ilia asks the breezes to carry her love to Idamante, who appears, explaining that he must go to fight the serpent. [107] Philadelphia has the second-largest Irish and Italian populations in the United States, after New York City.
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