The colonial office was concerned that France needed the talents of bright young men to administer the Empire. According to Jean Camp and André Corbier, visitors came away persuaded that this was how the black race maintained its shadowy color. In addition, Marseille was, by its seagoing nature, more adventuresome than Paris, which, according to Charles Roux, was made up of mere "explorers of the shrubbery along the boulevards." The Italian pavilion itself was a reconstruction of the basilica of Septimus Severus, erected in Libya during the era of Imperial conquest. Marquand Library (SA) T805.1931.G1 L47 2007 Once the date was set, however, Le Maréchal insisted that all exhibits had to be completely finished fifteen days before the May 6 opening date. Postcard Exposition International Paris 1931 Angkor Vat France. To "go native" became the current fashion among trend-conscious Parisians and international fellow-travellers. The 1931 colonial exposition was the culmination of 25 years of planning and thought. Though not directly related to the colonial exposition that would come six years later, the art deco fair had one major impact on the later event. The African pavilions were huge structures of wood covered over with bulky thatching – and designed by French architects. Benoit de L’Estoile, Le goût des autres: de l’exposition coloniale aux arts premiers (Paris: Flammarion, 2007). "10 Aragon, one of the leading Surrealist writers, even organized a "counter exposition," housed in one of the pavilions left over from the Art deco fair of 1925. : â Exposition coloniale internationale â) fand vom 6. Achetez en toute confiance et sécurité sur eBay! Graphs showed the decline in mortal illnesses and an improvement in physical health throughout the French protectorates. France, like all other European countries, lost partial or complete control over her possessions. Carte Postale Ancienne Exposition Coloniale Internationale Paris 1931 Cite internationale des informations and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. To preserve the authenticity of feeling at these pavilions, an exposition regulation stipulated that no Africans, or any other colonials, could wear European clothing on the fairgrounds. England, who harbored similar feelings about her own empire on which the sun never set, could see little profit in bringing her subject peoples to Paris. Displays of schoolhouses, medical equipment, and improved transportation all pointed to the good done by Holland, Belgium, Portugal, and other European powers in the lands they had chosen to occupy. 14 "The Colonial Exposition in France: Education or Reinforcement?" Here are a few of the images. Rodolfo Micacchi, Sculptures antiques en Libye; 32 planches avec introduction et texte explicative (Bergamo: Istituto italiano d’arti grafiche [1931]). After a good deal of debate, it was finally decided that the colonial exposition should take place in Vincennes, the site of an old royal castle and, since the days of Napoleon III, a lovely public park. Finally, the woman reached down, scooped up a bottleful of the liquid, and had the boy drink it down. When the dish was served, she could only berate the waiter, in tones of disappointed outrage, "Why, this is only rice!" Rapport général présenté par le gouverneur général Olivier (Paris, 1933). But the colonial exposition of 1931 carried this tendency to its conclusion. Far more interesting were the West Indian and African nations, some of which had been acquired only since the time of the First World War. Vase "Boule coloniale 1931" (Musée municipal Longwy - ⦠Homo, Roger. On May 6, 1931, the first of 33,000,000 people walked through the gates of the Exposition coloniale internationale in the eastern suburbs of Paris. aquarell painting of the Café Maure at the 1931 Worldâs Fair in Paris (Exposition Coloniale International Paris): art print by Charles Pinet of the reconstruction of the tempel of Angkor Wat errected for the Colonial Exhibition: art print of the Palais de lâA.O.F. du 15 mai au 15 novembre 1931 . 1931 Booklet LOT Postcards Exposition Coloniale Paris French Colonies St Pierre. Plan of the 1931 Exposition (Click here for more images). Pala, S. Documents exposition coloniale Paris 1931 (Paris, 1981). Manuel frères, Agence Trampus, Chevojon, quelques phot. Marquand Library (SA) NB85 .I67 Edge. "Moins de fetes et de discours, plus d'intelligence humaine," in Le Populaire, May 7, 1931. From 1855 to 1900, colonial pavilions were set up with an eye toward impressing the natives. In the capital, the brilliance of these fairs covers all of France, and indeed illuminates the universe." (Washington, D.C., 1982). L'Exposition Coloniale Internationale de Paris feted the accomplishments of colonialism from May 6 to November 15, 1931 (Fig. Didier Grandsart, Paris 1931: revoir l’exposition coloniale (Paris: FVW, 2010). As a consequence, the colonial exposition planners turned their thought to other suitable locations for their event. While plans and negotiations for the Parisian colonial exposition were under discussion, Paris hosted the Art Deco fair of 1925. Displays of coffee, rubber, precious metals and exotic foodstuffs were accompanied by impressive statistics showing how valuable colonial products were for their master countries. The exposition was conceived primarily as an attempt at fostering a communal feeling of solidarity among her colonies. Parisians were not willing for the heart of their city to be desecrated for six years with the noise and dust emanating from the building and demolition of two large expositions. The Madagascar display saw two distinct variations on the otherwise unvarying African displays of French pride and native artisanship. Inside the temple, visitors encountered the dutiful array of statistics and displays of agricultural production, as well as a panoramic account of the history of Indo-China. 105-106, Profit to Government (estimated): 33,197,286, Top Official: Maréchal Lyautey, Commissaire général de l'Exposition coloniale. The inscription on the wall of the Museum of African and Oceanic Art makes clear the French sense of purpose behind the exposition. No shipments of gold or cinnamon, pepper or petroleum: only an unremitting battle against the elements, with the Danish government contributing its scientific expertise to make life in Greenland more tolerable. L'exposition coloniale internationale de 1931 Il y a 80 ans, du 6 mai au 15 novembre, la France organise une exposition coloniale internationale à Paris, dans le bois de Vincennes. For more information, see: 1931, les étrangers au temps de l’exposition colonial (Paris: Gallimard: Cité nationale de l’histoire de l’immigration, 2008). Bouin Philippe, and Chanut, Christian-Philippe. They came away satisfied, much in the same way that people come away from a meal in a foreign restaurant. Though it was restricted to exhibits featuring French colonies, many of the buildings that would arise in Paris in 1931 were first anticipated by the Marseille exposition – notably the thatched African village huts and the temple of Angor Wat. The host country of an exposition typically took a plurality of the exhibition acreage, and naturally outshone her rivals by the sheer quantity of her exhibits. A Madagascar woman rounded up one of her little boys, stood him up in a tub and proceeded to wash him down with clear water. Inside, dioramas told of the history of French civilizing influences in each country, and of the native handiworks. Any exhibitors failing to meet this requirement would find their unfinished exhibits torn down and hauled away – at their expense! L'Exposition Coloniale Internationale de 1931 à Paris . Washington, D.C., page 153, 15 Rulers of Empire: The French Colonial Service in Africa, Stanford, 1971, pp. Search for Library Items Search for Lists Search for Contacts Search for a Library. The weather of Marseille is much closer to the climate of the tropical colonies, the Marseille supporters argued. Australian/Harvard Citation. La Exposición colonial internacional de París fue un acontecimiento que duró del 6 de mayo al 15 de noviembre de 1931 en lo que es actualmente la Puerta Dorada y en el bosque de Vincennes de la capital de Francia, a fin de mostrar la riqueza cultural presente en las colonias del imperio colonial francés y en las otras principales potencias coloniales, con excepción del Reino Unido. Graphic Arts holds a souvenir stereoscopic viewer with 46 tiny glass slides from the 1931 exposition. 7 mars 2017 - Explorez le tableau « Exposition coloniale internationale 1931 » de Groupe de recherche Achac, auquel 252 utilisateurs de Pinterest sont abonnés. Sujet: Exposition Coloniale Internationale de Paris 1931 Jeu 26 Nov - 15:07 page 13 - Le tracteur bientôt laboure le sol défriché, les bâtiments de la ferme s'élèvent, le bétail s'accroît, les plantations d'arbres fruitiers se multiplient. It inspired a large number of them to aim at overseas service. France, which had consciously begun to exclude the Church from any official connection to the universal expositions in 1878, now welcomed both Protestant and Catholic missionaries back into the official governmental fold as an important and useful element of the Civilizing Mission. With respect to the colonial presence in Paris, there is a decided difference in the major objective of this exposition and the previous five expositions universelles. French audiences had been primed to appreciate more of black culture since the triumphant conquest of Parisian entertainment by American jazz musicians and the talents of Josephine Baker. Exposition coloniale internationale, Paris, 1931. Blum, Léon. 3 A tentative date of 1916 was set for the colonial exposition. The Italian Pavilion; Armando Brasini, architect. In spite of the attitude of French superiority that prevailed at the colonial exposition, one of its major goals was to demonstrate to the people that the colonies were not simply the homes of exotic peoples and strange customs: they were the source of vital resources contributing to the health of the French economy. The Indochina Palace at the Marseille Exposition, 1922. Breton, André; Eluard, Paul; Aragon; and Alexandre, Maxime. Medaille exposition coloniale paris 1931 - Achetez une variété de produits à prix abordables sur eBay. Cohen, William. "11, Anti-Exposition poster published by the Communist Party, 1931. Bonds were sold, and a guaranty company formed to secure the necessary financing for the venture. $60.00 + $6.95 shipping. & Demaison, Andre. LâExposition coloniale de 1931 Le Palais de la Porte Dorée a été construit à l'occasion de lâExposition internationale de 1931 : sa vocation première fut dâêtre un musée des colonies, devant représenter les territoires, lâhistoire de la conquête coloniale et lâincidence de celle-ci sur les arts. The buildings and grounds of the event covered some 500 acres of land – making it the most extensive exposition in French history. In the pavilions of Guadeloupe and Martinique, one could attend a festival where brightly-garbed performers mixed French, African, and Indian moods in their dances, while onlookers could enjoy the tangible pleasures of native rum or cocoa. Rulers of Empire: The French Colonial Service in Africa (Stanford, California, 1971). But in 1920, the battle between Paris and Marseille was joined again. The great Depression, the bitterly divisive election in 1936, and the acting out of the ambitions of Hitler and Mussolini. After all, was not Paris the major civilizing city in Western civilization? Streel, Du Vivier de. Ne visitez pas l'Exposition Coloniale (Paris, 1931). L'Exposition coloniale internationale s'installe dans le bois de Vincennes, à l'est de Paris. In the long run, of course, the effort was futile. Postcard Exposition International Paris 1931 Afrique occidentale France. On aménage aussi un parc zoologique. Patricia A. Morton, Hybrid Modernities: Architecture and Representation at the 1931 Colonial Exposition, Paris (Cambridge, Mass. On reconstitue à l'échelle 1 un temple cambodgien d'Angkor Vat et la mosquée de Djenné (Niger). Taller Martín Pescador's new Green Knight, Miklós Radnóti, "never sold a single copy". Firestone Library (F) In many important respects, the Exposition Coloniale Internationale de Paris could be counted a success. WorldCat Home About WorldCat Help. Maquette de l'exposition coloniale internationale de 1931 (Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration - Paris 12eme) Cette maquette sous verre a été présentée lors de l'exposition "Les étrangers au temps de l'exposition coloniale" en été 2008. Representatives from Senegal, Tunisia, or Vietnam would come to the Queen City, experience the power and glory of La France at the exposition, and hopefully return home with a sense of pride in belonging to such a benevolent and puissant enterprise. 6 So far had the North African nations advanced in their imitation of French ways that they were now launching their own expositions: in Egypt, the Exposition Française au Caire presented French culture in the colonial setting at Cairo; in Algeria, the Exposition générale du Centenaire de l'Algerie marked the 100th anniversary of the military occupation of Algeria by French troops (one wonders about the spirit into which the Algerians entered in celebrating the conquest of their own country). Architecture Library (UES) NA6750.P4 E956 2000, Exhibitions, acquisitions, and other highlights from the Graphic Arts Collection, Princeton University Library. 13. Dioramas showed "Esquimeaux" and their dog trains surrounded by the bleak landscape and bitter cold of the largest island in the world. But as the 1930s progressed, other events were taking shape that would have far greater immediate effect on France than the loss of her empire. Exposition coloniale internationale de Paris. And, according to one tally of the final receipts, the colonial exposition made a substantial profit of some 33 million francs. For centuries, religious institutions had sent out missionaries to convert natives to Christianity and to halt practices which, in the views of their leaders, were abhorrent to God. Reverse. The inherent irony of the American exhibit – that it was housed in a building of the man who led the fight against colonial tyranny in the United States – was evidently completely lost on both the French and the Americans. Prat, Veronique. Les Ensiegnements généraux de l’exposition coloniale (Paris, 1932), Here is my account of the background for the Paris expositions, Presentations for Biography of a City: San Francisco, Signature Buildings of San Francisco Backstory, Quotations from the Works of Samuel Johnson, click here for the story of its construction. Economisez avec notre option de livraison gratuite. 26 French territories participated. But the American and other, non-French pavilions were mere side shows compared to the splendor of the exhibits of the French colonies. People opposed to colonialism did not change their minds; people already in favor of the enterprise could feel that their convictions were further reinforced. For the first, and perhaps the only time in the history of Parisian expositions, there were no complaints about a shortage of exhibit space. See also. Exposition coloniale internationale de Paris (1931) Vente générale : 17 novembre 1930 Retrait de la vente : novembre 1931 Valeur faciale : 15 c Graveur : Abel Mignon Dessinateur : Louis Pierre Rigal Département concerné par ce timbre : 75 Dentelure : 14 x 13½ Couleur : gris Mode d'impression : Héliogravure Catalogue Yvert et Tellier Timbres français : N° 271 But this time, the provinces were not to be swept aside so easily. – "Une journée à l'Exposition coloniale," in Histoire, Number 69, 1984. The Angor Wat temple represented, for the supporters of French colonial policy, all that the mother country was attempting to do, in the face of public indifference and political hostility from the left. 8 "L'Ankor et l'Indochine," in l'Illustration, May, 1931, n.p. But it was the sheer size and grandeur of the building itself that drew people to the Angor Wat temple. "Lyautey et l'exposition coloniale internationale de 1931," in Comptes rendus mensuels des Séances de l'Academie des Sciences d'Outre-Mer (Paris, 1961). : MIT Press, 2000). Attacked from the left for their paternalistic and exploitative attitudes, and by the right for a failure of nerve, French supporters of the colonial enterprise looked upon the exposition as an opportunity to furnish proof to the world that colonialism was accomplishing its noble goals. As a consequence, there was a concerted effort on the part of exposition officials to attract students of all ages to the fair. Create lists, bibliographies and reviews: or Search WorldCat. Ce sont en ces termes que le journal lâExcelsior du 1 er avril 1931 annonce lâexhibition de 111 Kanak 1 à Paris à lâoccasion de lâExposition coloniale. But in 1931, the exposition organizers, backed by Minister of the Colonies Léon Perrier, were not primarily out to impress the natives: they were attempting to impress upon French people the importance of the colonies for the health of France, and the humanitarian good the empire was bringing to her subject nations. The Martinique Pavilion at the Exposition coloniale, The Orchestre Stellion of Martinique at the Exposition. – l’Illustration, November, 1931, n.p. Meanwhile, outside the exhibit building, an odd skit was taking place. Exposition Coloniale internationale et des pays d'outre-mer. Close by these exhibits were others that told the story of why the European powers were there in the first place: raw materials. And it was this same exotic allure that drew people to Vincennes in 1931. The new Italian colonial ventures in Tripoli and Somalia were thus given historical perspective and, in the eyes of the exhibitors, justification. The unspoken philosophy of the exposition, however, was the same mission civilisatrice that had guided and justified French foreign policy for more than a century. In this light, the exposition coloniale takes on the air of an elaborate justification: a proof, to herself and to other colonizing powers, that the task of bringing civilization to the uncivilized is a task undertaken by Europe and America. Denmark's building at the exposition featured her efforts to colonize Greenland. The first French empire died on the field of Waterloo in 1815. industrielle Albert, Cl. Firestone Library JV7915 .A15 2008. The urge to bring civilization to savage lands had not always been in the hands of governments, of course. Mount Vernon Reconstruction at the 1931 Exposition, by Sears and Roebuck (click here for the story of its construction). And indeed, France without her Empire seems to have survived tolerably well without the forced importation of colonial products to bolster the quality of life. Mai bis zum 15. Many of the men who entered the colonial school in the 1930s mentions the Vincennes exposition as having had an important influence on the choice of a career.14. To bring these peoples together in the capital city in order to educate the French nation as to the importance of their colonies – this was the primary goal of the Exposition Coloniale et Internationale de Paris. By the time of the next and last great Parisian exposition in 1937, France would find herself on the brink of losing far more than her overseas empire. Even the Surrealist writers took to distributing tracts entitled "Do Not Visit The Exposition. A National Committee for Colonial Expositions had been formed in 1906, with the express purpose of advancing the belief that France was now both an empire and a republic – and empire with respect to her protectorate, a republic at home. The Colonial Exposition Issue was the first joint issue of postage stamps by the French colonial empire. The United States was the only non-European country exhibiting as a colonial power. One woman, having ordered "pilaf" in a Maroccan restaurant, sat waiting in anticipation of some bubbling concoction of native plants and the flesh of wild beasts. Details from the Alfred Janniot Murals: "Indochina" and "Madagascar", There still remains the question, however, of whether or not the exposition coloniale achieved its major goal: to educate the French people as to the importance of the colonies to France. Governmental colonial policy went unchanged. The section of the fairgrounds that housed the display of exotic animals became the basis for the zoo in the park of Vincennes. 12 The inscription is followed by a list of names of Frenchmen, from the Crusades down to the colonial wars of the twentieth century. Lâexposition coloniale internationale de Paris, dans le Bois de Vincennes, en 1931, est restée dans les mémoires comme lâapothéose de la colonisation française. I apologize for the quality. Lyautey had been in charge of the Franco-Morrocan colonial exposition held in Casablanca in 1915, and held definite ideas about how such an affair should be organized.5 Though appointed chief commissioner of the exposition coloniale in 1927, he resisted all attempts to hurry preparations, insisting that 1931 was the earliest date by which the event could be launched successfully. A National Committee for Colonial Expositions had been formed in 1906, with the express purpose of advancing the belief that France was now both an empire and a republic â and empire with respect to her protectorate, a republic at home. Hodeir, Catherine. Broad avenues and ample distance between buildings gave the exposition a spaciousness unknown in previous world’s fairs in the capital city. Note the similarity in tone with Victor Hugo's claim for the universality of France in 1867. On this grand avenue, and on several of the radiating streets, stood the splendid and exotic structures representing the indigenous architecture of the French colonials in Africa, the Near East, the Fair East, and Oceania. Germany had been stripped of her colonial possessions as a result of her defeat in the First World War, and felt the urge to come to Paris simply to gaze on former possessions that were now "Sous Mandat" protectorates of France. Planning for the exposition began in 1906, and, between opposition from the rest of France to yet another exposition being held in Paris, and the First World War, the exposition was not opened until May 1931. After the first World War, France found herself in command of the most extensive colonial empire in the world: some 47 nations whose official language was French and whose governments were under some degree of obligation to France. Seller 100% positive. THE EXPOSITION COLONIALE INTERNATIONALE DE PARIS, 1931. LâExposition coloniale internationale de 1931 sâest déroulée dans le Bois de Vincennes. Economisez avec notre option de livraison gratuite. $18.02. After all, wrote Jérome and Jean Tharaud, the European position with respect to her colonies is very similar to "our position in Europe when it became necessary to draw us out of the paganism of the Celts, Germans, and Slavs. 8. Thomas August, commenting on the decision of the commissioners to use this exoticism to attract people to the fair in order to educate them, asks rhetorically, "Will masses of people at any time line up to read statistics about groundnut production and new approaches to rubber cultivation?" Home. Could France do anything less than bring the best of Western methods of industrial production, medicine, and fair governance to nations previously suffering under the tyranny of bloodthirsty despots? Olivier, Gouverneur général. "To colonize does not mean merely to construct wharves, factories, and railroads," wrote Le Maréchal Hubert Lyautey, Commissioner General of the exposition. The relationship of France toward her colonies, as argued in all the official documents for the exposition, was one of reciprocity: in exchange for the benefits of French civilization, the colonies would provide material goods to France. The exposition assured them that France was, in spite of enemy [German] propaganda, a nation sure of iteself and confident of victory."
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