Imagine trying to make that wire without modern machinery. But this statement requires an important qualification. FIFTH PRINCIPLE. 20. Il avoue à son évaluatrice qu’il a « fait un effort pour faire connaître ses idées à ceux qui pourraient s’y intéresser. The entertainment industry serves as an important psychological tool of the system, possibly even when it is dishing out large amounts of sex and violence. This extra effort, together with the emotional investment that accompanies it, is one of the most potent forces acting toward the continual development and perfecting of the system, with negative consequences for individual freedom (see paragraph 131). Any kind of social conflict helps to destabilize the system, but one should be careful about what kind of conflict one encourages. It should be noted, by the way, that there is a nonviolent anarchist movement whose members probably would not accept FC as anarchist and certainly would not approve of FC's violent methods. The same thing will happen with many other diseases susceptibility to which is affected by genetic degradation of the population. Crowding, rapid change and the breakdown of communities have been widely recognized as sources of social problems. These include scientific work, athletic achievement, humanitarian work, artistic and literary creation, climbing the corporate ladder, acquisition of money and material goods far beyond the point at which they cease to give any additional physical satisfaction, and social activism when it addresses issues that are not important for the activist personally, as in the case of white activists who work for the rights of nonwhite minorities. Do its adherents REALLY believe in it or are they just play-acting? If the elite is ruthless they may simply decide to exterminate the mass of humanity. (Paragraph 219) Many leftists are motivated also by hostility, but the hostility probably results in part from a frustrated need for power. For instance, when someone develops a new technology, the smallbusiness person often has to use that technology whether he wants to or not, in order to remain competitive. 304 0 obj
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If our society had no social problems at all, the leftists would have to INVENT problems in order to provide themselves with an excuse for making a fuss. 221. Those who are tending toward depression seek pleasure as an antidote; hence insatiable hedonism and excessive sex, with perversions as a means of getting new kicks. In doing so they will be worsening the population problem only slightly. These engineered human beings may be happy in such a society, but they most certainly will not be free. In many other ways as well, modern man is strapped down by a network of rules and regulations (explicit or implicit) that frustrate many of his impulses and thus interfere with the power process. Whatever else may be the case, it is certain that technology is creating for human beings a new physical and social environment radically different from the spectrum of environments to which natural selection has adapted the human race physically and psychologically. But organizationdependent technology DOES regress when the social organization on which it depends breaks down. %PDF-1.3
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The conservatives are fools: They whine about the decay of traditional values, yet they enthusiastically support technological progress and economic growth. 38. If by some miracle they did succeed in building one it would be useless to them without a reliable source of electric power. The conservatives are just taking the average man for a sucker, exploiting his resentment of Big Government to promote the power of Big Business. But there are growing numbers of people who in one way or another are rebels against the system: welfare leaches, youth gangs, cultists, satanists, nazis, radical environmentalists, militiamen, etc. See paragraphs 227-230.). Many leftists are not such rebels as they seem. But no matter how far the movement has gone in attaining its goals the leftist is never satisfied, because his activism is a surrogate activity (see paragraph 41). (Paragraph 143) We don't mean to suggest that the efficiency or the potential for survival of a society has always been inversely proportional to the amount of pressure or discomfort to which the society subjects people. They are deeply involved emotionally in their attack on truth and reality. The object should be to create a core of people who will be opposed to the industrial system on a rational, thought-out basis, with full appreciation of the problems and ambiguities involved, and of the price that has to be paid for getting rid of the system. Guillaume Ledit - 28 janvier 2018. Thus a treatment designed to remove potential criminal tendencies is at least in part a way of re-engineering people so that they suit the requirements of the system. It might be argued that the human race would never be foolish enough to hand over all power to the machines. They want to make black fathers "responsible," they want black gangs to become nonviolent, etc. Not that we have anything against social justice, but it must not be allowed to interfere with the effort to get rid of the technological system. First, we must work to heighten the social stresses within the system so as to increase the likelihood that it will break down or be weakened sufficiently so that a revolution against it becomes possible. [26] Then there are the methods of propaganda, for which the mass communication media provide effective vehicles. Suppose that a public official or a corporation executive appoints his cousin, his friend or his co-religionist to a position rather than appointing the person best qualified for the job. In primitive societies life is a succession of stages. Theodore John Kaczynski, Unabomber, Jean-Marie Apostolidès. 129. Theodore Kaczynski, né en 1942 dans la banlieue de Chicago, poursuit de brillantes études à Harvard, avant d'être nommé professeur assistant à Berkeley en 1968. We therefore advocate a revolution against the industrial system. In response to the arguments of this section someone will say, "Society must find a way to give people the opportunity to go through the power process." 145. Is it therefore cruel to work for the breakdown of the system? Yet, as we explained in paragraphs 59-76, all these technical advances taken together have created a world in which the average man's fate is no longer in his own hands or in the hands of his neighbors and friends, but in those of politicians, corporation executives and remote, anonymous technicians and bureaucrats whom he as an individual has no power to influence. This seems to us a thoroughly contemptible way for the human race to end up, and we doubt that many people would find fulfilling lives in such pointless busy-work. But even if we are wrong, the increasing rate of depression is certainly the result of SOME conditions that exist in today's society. The leftists themselves feel that these groups are inferior. No. From there, he carries out an intense epistolary work with which he spreads the ideas in his manifesto “ Industrial Society and Its Future “. Frustration leads to anger, anger to aggression, often in the form of spouse or child abuse. We attribute the social and psychological problems of modern society to the fact that that society requires people to live under conditions radically different from those under which the human race evolved and to behave in ways that conflict with the patterns of behavior that the human race developed while living under the earlier conditions. They always opposed Western military resistance to communist aggression. The negative connotations have been attached to these terms by the activists themselves. It is the needs of the system that are paramount, not those of the human being. For example, it would be bad strategy for the revolutionaries to condemn Americans for their habits of consumption. Give me half of what I asked." Suppose the system survives the crisis of the next several decades. 55. Leftists tend to hate anything that has an image of being strong, good and successful. The leftist seeks to satisfy his need for power through identification with a social movement and he tries to go through the power process by helping to pursue and attain the goals of the movement (see paragraph 83). They NEED their faith in the movement, and because they cannot give up this faith they go along with the leaders. (See "Seeking the Criminal Element," by W. Wayt Gibbs, Scientific American, March 1995.) What usually happens in practice is that decisions are made by public officials or corporation executives, or by technical specialists, but even when the public votes on a decision the number of voters ordinarily is too large for the vote of any one individual to be significant. (Paragraph 137) Here we are considering only the conflict of values within the mainstream. But many psychologists interpret the concept of abuse much more broadly. Revolutionaries might consider favoring measures that tend to bind the world economy into a unified whole. Beyond that, a technological society HAS TO weaken family ties and local communities if it is to function efficiently. (Imagine what would happen to the system today if computers, for example, were eliminated.) 103. 95. ���vGm� Ґ�r��4���jb��D��;[�;�D�n�w�*�pfU�����]��q����{�� �3�P�_FguL�?���>�\�d�r�E ڪ2~Z����^?������[� ��O�
A normal adolescent wants to spend his time in active contact with the real world. In the past, human nature has been approximately constant, or at any rate has varied only within certain bounds. 115. 7. (This purposelessness is often called by other names such as "anomic" or "middle-class vacuity.") Once a technical innovation has been introduced, people usually become dependent on it, so that they can never again do without it, unless it is replaced by some still more advanced innovation. [8]. Feelings of inferiority are characteristic of modern leftism as a whole, while oversocialization is characteristic only of a certain segment of modern leftism; but this segment is highly influential. (We have argued that the most important of these conditions is disruption of the power process.) Technicians (we use this term in its broad sense to describe all those who perform a specialized task that requires training) tend to be so involved in their work (their surrogate activity) that when a conflict arises between their technical work and freedom, they almost always decide in favor of their technical work. 11. They would never admit to themselves that they have such feelings, but it is precisely because they do see these groups as inferior that they identify with their problems. 127. If reformers ever achieved a signal victory that seemed to set up a solid barrier against further erosion of freedom through technical progress, most would tend to relax and turn their attention to more agreeable pursuits. This is not true of fighting aristocracies that have to struggle to maintain their power. 47. 171. When a decision affects, say, a million people, then each of the affected individuals has, on the average, only a onemillionth share in making the decision. Violence is discouraged because it disrupts the functioning of the system. For one thing, their attack is an outlet for hostility, and, to the extent that it is successful, it satisfies the drive for power. 71. 173. But since technological control will be introduced through a long sequence of small advances, there will be no rational and effective public resistance. Technology repeatedly forces freedom to take a step back, but technology can never take a step back â short of the overthrow of the whole technological system. But they usually justify their rebellion in terms of mainstream values. 209. It is true that in many societies religion has served as a support and justification for the established order, but it is also true that religion has often provided a basis for rebellion. It should NOT be drawn between the revolutionaries and the mass of the people. It will remove the capacity of organized society to keep increasing its control over nature (including human nature). Among the American Indians, for example, boys were trained in active outdoor pursuits â just the sort of thing that boys like. It is true that some restrictions on our freedom could be eliminated, but GENERALLY SPEAKING the regulation of our lives by large organizations is necessary for the functioning of industrial-technological society. But revolutionaries work to gain a powerful reward â fulfillment of their revolutionary vision â and therefore work harder and more persistently than reformers do. True, there is no assurance that the industrial system can be destroyed at approximately the same time all over the world, and it is even conceivable that the attempt to overthrow the system could lead instead to the domination of the system by dictators. Some people have low susceptibility to advertising and marketing techniques. Scientific work may be motivated in part by a drive for prestige, artistic creation by a need to express feelings, militant social activism by hostility. Self-hatred is a leftist trait. Even the walker's freedom is now greatly restricted. People vary in their susceptibility to advertising and marketing techniques. So they send him to Sylvan. ("We live in a world in which relatively few people â maybe 500 or 1,000 â make the important decisions", Philip B. Heymann of Harvard Law School, quoted by Anthony Lewis, New York Times, April 21, 1995.) The big corporations that spend millions on advertising wouldn't be spending that kind of money without solid proof that they were getting it back in increased sales. What makes us FEEL secure is not so much objective security as a sense of confidence in our ability to take care of ourselves. In this article we give attention to only some of the negative developments that have grown out of the industrial-technological system. Today the movement is fragmented and it is not clear who can properly be called a leftist. (However, many of the people we are referring to as "leftists" do not think of themselves as leftists and would not describe their system of beliefs as leftism. In fact, something like this seems to have happened already with one of our society's most important psychological tools for enabling people to reduce (or at least temporarily escape from) stress, namely, mass entertainment (see paragraph 147). 50. 30. These are the people who aren't interested in money. Some individuals may meet some of the criteria without being leftists, some leftists may not meet any of the criteria. [30] It is not necessary for the sake of nature to set up some chimerical utopia or any new kind of social order. Des milliers de livres avec la livraison chez vous en 1 jour ou en magasin avec -5% de réduction ou téléchargez la version eBook. It requires serious effort to earn enough money to satisfy these artificial needs, hence they fall into group 2. During the first half of the 20th century leftism could have been practically identified with socialism. The Industrial Revolution and its consequences have been a disaster for the human race. 176. We argue that modern leftists tend to have some such feelings (possibly more or less repressed) and that these feelings are decisive in determining the direction of modern leftism. The leftist is antagohistic to the concept of competition because, deep inside, he feels like a loser. 109. (Paragraph 27) Not necessarily including specialists in engineering or the "hard" sciences. 9. 211. To feed themselves they must be peasants or herdsmen or fishermen or hunters, etc. At that stage the machines will be in effective control. But it is NOT in the interest of the system to preserve freedom or small-group autonomy. We contend that the most important cause of social and psychological problems in modern society is the fact that people have insufficient opportunity to go through the power process in a normal way. On the other hand it is possible that human control over the machines may be retained. We have portrayed leftism in its modern form as a phenomenon peculiar to our time and as a symptom of the disruption of the power process. Clearly they sometimes do. If they had been been accepted and published, they probably would not have attracted many readers, because it's more fun to watch the entertainment put out by the media than to read a sober essay. But leftist activists do not take such an approach because it would not satisfy their emotional needs. When automobiles became numerous, it became necessary to regulate their use extensively. One stood out: David Kaczynski described his troubled brother Ted, who … You sit or stand where you are told to sit or stand and do what you are told to do in the way you are told to do it. The kinds of pressures vary greatly from one society to another. 222. As with many other scientific achievements, it is very much open to question whether nuclear power plants actually do benefit humanity. 61. If a trend were not stable with respect to small changes, it would wander at random rather than following a definite direction; in other words it would not be a long-term trend at all. 26. Certainly there is no innate human drive for material acquisition. A wide variety of social attitudes have been called "anarchist," and it may be that many who consider themselves anarchists would not accept our statement of paragraph 215. "The Unabomber Manifesto: Industrial Society and Its Future" by Theodore J. Kaczynski, ("Control of Human Behavior", item 145), 1995. Other goals would distract attention and energy from the main goal. In earlier revolutions, leftists of the most powerhungry type, repeatedly, have first cooperated with nonleftist revolutionaries, as well as with leftists of a more libertarian inclination, and later have double-crossed them to seize power for themselves. It won't do me any harm if I take just one little drink...." Well you know what is going to happen. histoireebook.com Auteur : Kaczynski Théodore Ouvrage : Azdar - Manifeste de l'Unabomber Année : 1995 Le texte qui suit a été écrit en 1995, c'est-à-dire juste avant l'arrestation de Unabomber (le 3 avril 1996), dont le véritable nom est Théodore Kaczynski. 27. (Paragraph 154) This is no science fiction! Thus the power process is disrupted in our society through a deficiency of real goals and a deficiency of autonomy in the pursuit of goals. The move to the cities had, in short, produced a more tractable, more socialized, more 'civilized' generation than its predecessors.". It is clear from what we have already written that we consider lack of opportunity to properly experience the power process as the most important of the abnormal conditions to which modern society subjects people. Anyone who has a little money can have something printed, or can distribute it on the Internet or in some such way, but what he has to say will be swamped by the vast volume of material put out by the media, hence it will have no practical effect. Feminists are desperately anxious to prove that women are as strong and as capable as men. In many cases there will be a humanitarian justification. 30. If he was such a humanitarian then why did he help to develop the H-bomb? Hirohito's studies in marine biology clearly constituted a surrogate activity, since it is pretty certain that if Hirohito had had to spend his time working at interesting non-scientific tasks in order to obtain the necessities of life, he would not have felt deprived because he didn't know all about the anatomy and life-cycles of marine animals. Avant même la publication du manifeste, le frère de Ted Kaczynski, David Kaczynski, était encouragé par sa femme Linda à dénoncer son frère, mais restait sceptique. De 1978 à 1996, il a défié le FBI et la CIA qui mirent sa tête à prix pour un million de dollars. His beliefs are not easily modified by logic or facts. (Paragraph 123) Just think an irresponsible genetic engineer might create a lot of terrorists. They will see to it that everyone's physical needs are satisfied, that all children are raised under psychologically hygienic conditions, that everyone has a wholesome hobby to keep him busy, and that anyone who may become dissatisfied undergoes "treatment" to cure his "problem." But if these machines had never been invented there would have been no conflict and no frustration generated by them.). At best these people are expressing themselves unclearly, because they fail to distinguish between power for LARGE ORGANIZATIONS and power for INDIVIDUALS and SMALL GROUPS. For one thing, other conflicts tend to distract attention from the important conflicts (between power-elite and ordinary people, between technology and nature); for another thing, other conflicts may actually tend to encourage technologization, because each side in such a conflict wants to use technological power to gain advantages over its adversary. Everyone complains about the trashiness of television, but almost everyone watches it. If they are just play-acting their religion will be a flop in the end. But we THINK that the decisive role played by feelings of inferiority, low self-esteem, powerlessness, identification with victims by people who are not themselves victims, is a peculiarity of modern leftism. (Paragraph 56) Yes, we know that 19th century America had its problems, and serious ones, but for the sake of brevity we have to express ourselves in simplified terms. For this reason they avoid doing any serious thinking about difficult social issues, and they like to have such issues presented to them in simple, black-and-white terms: THIS is all good and THAT is all bad. Today leftism is fragmented into a whole spectrum of activist movements. 168. 51. 181. We don't mean to say that modern society is the only one in which the power process has been disrupted. The needs and purposes of one stage having been fulfilled, there is no particular reluctance about passing on to the next stage. (Unless various other societies have passed through the same change and have all experienced the same consequences, in which case one can predict on empirical grounds that another society that passes through the same change will be like to experience similar consequences.). Thus a pioneer settled on a piece of land of his own choosing and made it into a farm through his own effort. This is merely one example of the PREDICTABLE problems that will arise. (Everyone needs to have goals whose attainment requires effort, and needs to succeed in attaining at least some of his goals.) It is well known that people generally work better and more persistently when striving for a reward than when attempting to avoid a punishment or negative outcome. The Industrial Revolution vastly increased the size of cities and the proportion of the population that lives in them, and modern agricultural technology has made it possible for the Earth to support a far denser population than it ever did before. The system may become a unitary, monolithic organization, or it may be more or less fragmented and consist of a number of organizations coexisting in a relationship that includes elements of both cooperation and competition, just as today the government, the corporations and other large organizations both cooperate and compete with one another. To gain one thing you have to sacrifice another. Moreover, much leftist behavior is not rationally calculated to be of benefit to the people whom the leftists claim to be trying to help. On the other hand there have also been many pre-industrial cultures in which material acquisition has played an important role. 80. Hence the widespread public approval of the Panama invasion; it gave people a sense of power. He emphasizes the duty of the individual to serve society and the duty of society to take care of the individual. The individual must always be kept on a leash, even if the leash is sometimes long (see paragraphs 94, 97). It is the fault of technology, because the system is guided not by ideology but by technical necessity. In that case the average man may have control over certain private machines of his own, such as his car or his personal computer, but control over large systems of machines will be in the hands of a tiny elite â just as it is today, but with two differences. De 1978 à 1995, il commet seize attentats à la bombe. One of the most widespread manifestations of the craziness of our world is leftism, so a discussion of the psychology of leftism can serve as an introduction to the discussion of the problems of modern society in general. It will certainly subject human being to greater indignities and inflict greater damage on the natural world, it will probably lead to greater social disruption and psychological suffering, and it may lead to increased physical suffering even in "advanced" countries.
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